Política pública, gênero e carreiras STEM

In this work, the role of the State in public policies that subsidize the guarantee of social rights is discussed, as well as gender disparities are addressed as a historical product of the discrimination to which women have been subjected and which result in their absence in STEM careers. (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). The mapping of existing public policies and the requirement that advances be established is a necessity to allow equal access for women to opportunities and spaces of power.Este trabajo discute el papel del Estado en relación a las políticas públicas que subsidian la garantía de los derechos sociales, así como el abordaje de las disparidades de género como producto histórico de la discriminación a la que han sido sometidas las mujeres y que resulta en su ausencia de las carreras STEM (Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas). Mapear las políticas públicas existentes y exigir que se avance es una necesidad para que las mujeres puedan acceder en igualdad de oportunidades a los espacios de poder.Este trabalho discute o papel do Estado em relação às políticas públicas que subsidiam a garantia de direitos sociais, bem como a abordagem das disparidades de gênero como um produto histórico da discriminação enfrentada pelas mulheres, resultando em sua ausência nas carreiras em STEM (Ciência, Tecnologia, Engenharia e Matemática). Mapear as políticas públicas existentes e a exigência de avanços é uma necessidade para que as mulheres possam acessar igualdade de oportunidades nos espaços de poder

Emergency residential care settings: A model for service assessment and design

There have been calls for uncovering the "black box" of residential care services, with a particular need for research focusing on emergency care settings for children and youth in danger. In fact, the strikingly scant empirical attention that these settings have received so far contrasts with the role that they often play as gateway into the child welfare system. To answer these calls, this work presents and tests a framework for assessing a service model in residential emergency care. It comprises seven studies which address a set of different focal areas (e.g., service logic model; care experiences), informants (e.g., case records; staff; children/youth), and service components (e.g., case assessment/evaluation; intervention; placement/referral). Drawing on this process-consultation approach, the work proposes a set of key challenges for emergency residential care in terms of service improvement and development, and calls for further research targeting more care units and different types of residential care services. These findings offer a contribution to inform evidence-based practice and policy in service models of residential care.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and description of phlebotomine sandfly populations in the city of Acrelandia, Acre, Brazil

São apresentadas neste artigo a distribuição da leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) e descrição das populações de flebotomíneos em Acrelândia, Acre. Os dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos a partir de fichas de notificação de casos ocorridos entre 2001 e 2004, e os dados entomológicos são provenientes de capturas com armadilhas luminosas efetuadas entre 2004 e 2005 na zona rural de Acrelândia. Ocorreram 82 novos casos de LT, com idade entre 2 e 69 anos, sendo 75,6% em homens e 83,9% na zona rural. Predominou a LT com lesões únicas (78%). A microscopia direta da lesão, intradermorreação de Montenegro e biópsia apresentaram positividade de 100%, 98% e 79,5%, respectivamente. A resposta ao tratamento farmacológico foi bem sucedida em 71,6% dos casos; a falência terapêutica foi maior em pacientes com diagnóstico exclusivamente clínico (41,2%) e nos que receberam dose diária inadequada de antimonial pentavalente (64,3%). Foram coletados 40 espécimes de flebotomíneos em propriedades rurais com casos de LT (3 gêneros, 14 espécies), sendo 3 espécies conhecidas como vetoras ou possíveis vetoras de Leishmania: Nyssomyia antunesi predominou no peridomicílio (59,1%) e em margens de matas; Nyssomyia whitmani foi freqüente no peridomicílio (15%) e a única espécie encontrada no intradomicílio, e Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis foi capturada no peridomicílio. O uso de dados epidemiológicos existentes no serviço de saúde de Acrelândia, embora com várias limitações, permitiu avaliar a eficácia do diagnóstico e o tratamento empregados no município, enquanto os dados entomológicos coletados podem orientar estudos mais amplos visando identificar os vetores e espécies circulantes na região.This paper describes the distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the city of Acrelandia, state of Acre, and its phlebotomine sandfly population. Epidemiological data were obtained from case reporting forms in 2001-2004, and entomological data resulted from catches performed between 2004 and 2005 using light traps. A total of 82 new cases of CL, aged between 2 and 62 years, 75.6% males, and 83.9% in the rural area, were identified. The prevailing clinical form was cutaneous (92.7%) with a single lesion (78%). Direct microscopic exams of lesions, Montenegro skin reaction tests, and biopsies resulted in 100%, 98% and 79.5% positivity rates, respectively. The therapeutic response was successful in 81.7% of subjects; treatment refractoriness was higher among CL patients with clinical diagnosis only (41.2%) and among those who received inadequate daily doses of antimonial drug (64.3%). Forty specimens of phlebotomine sandfly were collected around houses with CL cases (3 genera, 14 species); three of those species are known as vectors or possible vectors of Leishmania: Nyssomyia antunesi prevailed in the peri-domiciliary environment (59.1%) and forest borders; Nyssomyia whitmani was frequent in peri-domiciliary areas (15%) and was the only female captured in the intra-domiciliary environment; and Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis was found in the peri-domiciliary environment. The information derived from pre-existing epidemiological data, despite limitations, provided an evaluation of diagnosis and treatment efficacy, while the entomological data can be used as a guideline to develop a larger study aimed to identify both vectors and circulating Leishmania species.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Epidemiological aspects of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in an endemic area of forest extractivist culture in western Brazilian Amazonia

The study sought to analyze clinical and epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Xapuri, Acre, Brazil. Data from 2008 to 2014 registered in the notification records of the disease of the Information System of the Complaints of Notification (SINAN), and the data of the Information Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) available from 2007 to 2013 were used and analyzed in the light of the statistics of the temporal series by the Prais-Winsten method and chi-squared test. A total of 906 cases were registered with 60.2% occurring in men and 39.7% in women. The groups from 0 to 4 years of age (48.0%) and from 5 to 19 years of age (23.3%) were the most affected. Regarding the clinical forms, 77.7% presented CL and 22.3% mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). Among the 896 cases with information on the diagnostic methods used, Montenegro’s skin test predominated (66.4%), with a positive result of 95.8% for CL and 99.3% for MCL. Treatment with N-methylglucamine antimony was performed in 99.4% of the cases, but discontinuously used in the majority of patients. This study presents information which may be used as a tool for the epidemiological surveillance and control of the disease in Xapuri, a region which depends essentially on forest resources and ecological tourism

Tarefas para a aprendizagem de língua estrangeira em ambiente digital: focando o papel do aluno

Com a introdução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação e a exploração do seu potencial na educação, os paradigmas e os papéis dos participantes no processo de ensino-aprendizagem têm sido revisitados. Neste estudo, avaliamos alguns desdobramentos de uma tarefa de escrita colaborativa de fanfictions por alunos de inglês, em contexto universitário, com a utilização da ferramenta de escrita colaborativa ETC. O nosso objetivo é investigar de que maneira uma tarefa de reformulação dos textos no ambiente digital associa-se à autonomia desse aluno. Os dados mostram que a proposição de tarefas de escrita colaborativa significativas pode fomentar a exploração construtiva das interações, de modo a potencializar a aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira dos envolvidos e uma postura autônoma por parte dos graduandos. Identificamos através da experiência aqui descrita que a tarefa de escrita colaborativa pode, portanto, constituir-se em uma prática que dá ênfase ao processo de criação e reelaboração ativa a partir de parcerias provocadoras, que desse modo iniciam o seu agir autônomo e consolidam aprendizagens

Longitudinal Study of a Human Drug-Induced Model of Autoantibody to Cytoplasmic Rods/Rings following HCV Therapy with Ribavirin and Interferon-alpha

Background: A novel pattern in the indirect immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody assay on HEp-2 cells (IIF-HEp-2) characterized by cytoplasmic rods and rings (RR) was reported in HCV patients, but stringent disease specificity studies and longitudinal analysis are lacking. We investigated the clinical significance of anti-RR in an HCV cohort with up to a 12-month treatment follow up.Methodology/Results: 597 patients (342 HCV, 55 HCV/HIV, 200 non-HCV) were screened and titered for anti-RR. Serial samples were available from 78 of 176 treated and 27 of 166 untreated patients. Anti-RR was detected in 14.1% of 342 HCV patients, 9.1% of 55 HCV/HIV, 3.4% of 29 Hepatitis B, and none of 171 non-HCV (p47% tested positive for anti-RR. the anti-RR titer generally increased with sustained treatment and remained high in 53% of patients. After treatment, anti-RR titer was negative in 41%. Non-responders to HCV therapy were 77% in anti-RR-positive versus 64% in anti-RR-negative patients. Response to treatment was not associated with anti-RR titer or the dynamics of anti-RR reactivity during and after treatment.Conclusions: the exquisite association of anti-RR reactivity with combined interferon-a/ribavirin therapy in HCV patients represents a unique model for drug-induced autoantibody generation in humans as demonstrated by the fact that a significant fraction of patients who have anti-RR during therapy becomes anti-RR-negative after completion of therapy.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Brazilian National Council for Research and Technological DevelopmentUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Rheumatol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Gastroenterol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilFleury Med & Hlth Labs, Div Immunol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Florida, Dept Oral Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Rheumatol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Gastroenterol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2010/50710-6Brazilian National Council for Research and Technological Development: 305064/2011-8Web of Scienc

KNOWLEDGE OF FITOTHERAPEAUTIC AND HOMEOPATHICPRACTICES IN A HEALTH POST IN THE CITY OF MONTES CLAROS - MG

This study aimed to describe the knowledge, access and acceptance of herbal and Homeopathic practices of users of a health center in the city of Montes Claros - MG. For the interview, we used a standard questionnaire of objective questions completed by interviewers. The inclusion criteria for the participants was to use the health center Major Prates neighborhood in the city of Montes Claros – MG being interviewed in total 303 (three hundred and three) individuals approached the exit or entry Desk Health and chosen by convenience sampling. In total, 34% of respondents said they knew herbal medicine and homeopathy 54%. The number of respondents interested in using these practices exceeded 90%. It was concluded that knowledge and access to the PIC by health post SUS users Major Prates of the Montes Claros City are considerably low, despite the interest and acceptance of thesame by the population

Métodos de Avaliação em Ambientes Virtuais Tridimensionais: aspectos cognitivos e habilidades sensório-motoras

A crescente utilização de Ambientes Virtuais Tridimensionais (AVs 3D) em contextos educativos evidencia a importância de delinear pesquisas em relação à avaliação da aprendizagem e de Habilidades Sensório-Motoras (HSM), como forma de verificar se tais ambientes colaboram com o processo de ensino e treinamento virtual. Assim, este trabalho apresenta métodos de avaliação da aprendizagem e HSM em AVs 3D, em contextos educacionais, pautados em Nunes (2014) e Anjos (2014), validados a partir de estudos experimentais e análises estatísticas. Os resultados revelaram que é possível medir o nível de aquisição de conhecimento e de HSM a partir dos modelos propostos. Palavras-chave: Ambientes Virtuais Tridimensionais. Avaliação da Aprendizagem. Avaliação de Habilidades Sensório-Motoras

Estudo epidemiológico das leishmanioses em área de turismo ambiental e ecoturismo, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, 2006-2007

The aims of this study were to carry out a serological survey of canine leishmaniasis and identify the phlebotomine fauna in the urban area of Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul. The serological survey was conducted on a sample of 303 dogs, by means of the indirect immunofluorescence test. Phlebotomines were captured using automated light traps. The serological survey found that 30% of the dogs were seropositive, both from the center and from all districts of the town. A total of 2,772 specimens of phlebotomines were caught and the species most found was Lutzomyia longipalpis (90.4%), which corroborated its role as the vector of for canine visceral leishmaniasis in the region. Phlebotomines of the species Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (the main vector for Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis) and Nyssomyia whitmani (the vector for Leishmania (Viannia) brasiliensis) were also caught. The findings indicate the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance, with attention towards diminishing the vector breeding sites and the transmission of these diseases in that region.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo proceder ao levantamento sorológico para leishmanioses em cães e identificar a fauna flebotomínea da zona urbana de Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul. O inquérito sorológico foi realizado em amostras de 303 cães com a utilização da reação de imunofluorescência indireta. As capturas de flebotomíneos realizaram-se com armadilhas automáticas luminosas. O inquérito sorológico identificou 30% cães reagentes procedentes do centro e de todos os bairros da cidade. Foram capturados 2,772 exemplares de flebotomineos, sendo a espécie mais freqüente foi Lutzomyia longipalpis (90.4%), o que corrobora o seu papel de vetora de leishmaniose visceral canina na região. Foram capturados, também, flebotomíneos da espécie Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, principal vetora da Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, e Nyssomyia whitmani, vetora da Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Os achados indicam a necessidade de uma contínua vigilância epidemiológica, atentando para a diminuição dos criadouros dos vetores e da transmissão desses agravos naquela região.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Manoel de Barros Foundatio

Analysis of the presence of organic matter (ATP) inmobiledevices of healthcare workers in hospitals

We report the result of an awareness campaign about the importance of hand hygiene after using different devices used in assistance to patients, such as tablets, notebooks, mobile phones, identification cards, watches, cameras, showing the level of contamination found after detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via bioluminescence, which enables a quantitative assessment ready and easy to implement. ATP molecules found in all living cells react with the enzyme complex to generate light and represent the presence of organic matter in such objects