Theoretical investigation of a conic-helical loosener for fertilizer applying machine

Rad pokazuje da postojeći uređaji za rasipanje umjetnog gnojiva u granulama u potpunosti ne zadovoljavaju tehničke potrebe. Kako bi se osiguralo postojano i pouzdano doziranje gnojiva potrebno je dokinuti luk iznad izlaza iz lijevka i osigurati prisilni dovod materijala (gnojiva) u napojni (mjerni) uređaj. Cilj istraživanja je odabir optimalnih parametara konično-helikoidnog rasipača uređaja za rasipanje umjetnog gnojiva. Provedena teorijska istraživanja omogućuju uspostavu odnosa između gibanja (brzina i istiskivanje) elementarnih čestica materijala (gnojiva) duž opruga zavojnice i konstrukcije i tehnoloških parametara rasipača (kut između generant i konusne osovine, kut uspona spirale opruga zavojnice, polumjer baze konusa, faktor vanjskog i unutarnjeg trenja, kutna brzina). Variranjem svakog pojedinog parametra može se izabrati njihova optimalna kombinacija ovisno o prihvaćenom kriteriju učinkovitosti rasipača.The paper reveals that the available facilities of granular fertilizer applying do not completely meet the technical requirements. In order to ensure stable and reliable dosing of fertilizers it is necessary to destroy the arch obtained above the hopper outlet and to provide forced feeding of the material (fertilizer) to the feeder (measuring device). The goal of the study is selection of optimum parameters of the fertilizer applying machine conic-helical loosener. The theoretical researches carried out allow to establish the relation between the motion (speed and displacement) of the material (fertilizer) elementary particles along the coils of the springs and the loosener design and technological parameters (the angle between the generant and axis-cones, the helix angle of spring coils, the cone base radius, the coefficients of external and internal friction, the angular speed). By varying each one of the parameters their optimum combination could be selected depending on the accepted loosener efficiency criterion

Technological and technical solutions to the problem of soil compaction and depletion in the system of precision farming in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

In this work have considered the problems of soil compaction and the main nutrition ofplant in the system ofprecision farming in the conditions of the main grain-sowing regions of Northern Kazakhstan. The specific examples show the condition of the soil, the level of their supply with nitrogen and phosphorus. Technological and technical solutions are proposed for the differentiated use of basic doses of mineral fertilizers and soil decompression. В данной работе рассмотрены проблемы уплотнения почвы и основного питания растений в системе точного земледелия в условиях основных зерносеющих районов Северного Казахстана. Конкретные примеры показывают состояние почв, уровень их обеспеченности азотом и фосфором. Предложены технологические и технические решения для дифференцированного использования основных доз минеральных удобрений и декомпрессии почвы

Traction Force Investigation of The New Working Body of The Sod Seeder

Due to the depletion of pastures, fodder provisioning is becoming an acute problem, therefore improving pastures by sowing seeds undercover crops and in turf is essential. The main purpose of the work is to reduce the traction force of the sod seeder by developing an effective working body. As a result, a new technology for improving forage and pasture lands and the design of a working body of sod seeder for site-specific seeding of crops undercover crops are proposed. The new technology provides simultaneous sowing of grass seed and fertilizer at two levels of soil horizon without excluding the forage area from the exploitation: grass seed to a depth of 40 mm and fertilizer to a depth of 120 mm. The seed sowing and fertilizer application depths are adjustable, and the sowing width reaches 40 mm. The traction force was determined by the dynamometric method during laboratory and field experiments. Theoretical studies have determined the dependence of the traction force on the average parameters of the cultivated soil layer and its physical and mechanical properties, as well as the parameters of the working body. According to the results of experimental and field studies, the traction force range of the sod seeder was within 8.28–8.63 kN

Theoretical Substantiation of the Design of a Seeding Device for Differentiated Intra Soil Application of Mineral Fertilizers

The existing seeding devices not fully provide quality of application of mineral fertilizers. Unevenness and instability of application reach 20–40% at demanded to 15%. It, first of all, associated with the absorption of fertilizers and imperfection of seeding devices for fertilizer. For a solution of the problem of ensuring quality of application of mineral fertilizers at their intra soil differentiated application the original design of the pin reel of a seeding device is offered. Pins of the reel are executed in the form of the tetrahedral truncated pyramids located on crossing right and left multiple-helical lines on a reel surface. Theoretical researches relied on regularities of classical mechanics. As a result of theoretical researches the expression connecting all key design and technological parameters is received: reel radius, number of pins on it, their height and the sizes of the top and lower basis, diameter of a driving wheel, rate of application, aisle width, and transfer ratio of the driving mechanism

Mathematical Modelling and Designing of a Universal Conical Spreader for Granular Material

A universal conical spreader for uniform distribution of granular fertilizers and seeds of grain crops, grasses is proposed. The developed universal conical spreader is designed for subsurface application of above-mentioned granular materials using seed drills and can be used as a passive distributor in a wide variety of applications. The methods of theoretical mechanics and descriptive geometry, particularly the method of replacement of projection plane have been applied to arrive at the design of the cone – the shape of conical spreader. A parametric equation was derived for the truncated part of the cone, which is an ellipse. The unique design of the cone-shaped distributor has a truncating form in the direction transverse to the movement of the seeder. In order to determine the interval of variability of spreader parameters more precisely, an analysis was carried out using a Mathcad-15 software. The results of theoretical research were confirmed in the laboratory and field conditions. The width of seed distribution, uniformity, and stability of distribution were studied to arrive at the most effective cone distributor design. The smallest values of non-uniformity and instability of material distribution of experimental coulter are reached at the values of factors D = 117–119 mm, h = 17–18 mm, and H = 32–35 mm

Calibration Strategy to Determine the Interaction Properties of Fertilizer Particles Using Two Laboratory Tests and DEM

Investigating the interactions of granular fertilizers with various types of equipment is an essential part of agricultural research. A numerical technique simulating the mechanical behavior of granular assemblies has the advantage of data trackings, such as the trajectories, velocities, and transient forces of the particles at any stage of the test. The interaction parameters were calibrated to simulate responses of granular fertilizers in EDEM, a discrete element method (DEM) software. Without a proper calibration of the interaction parameters between the granular fertilizers and various materials, the simulations may not represent the real behavior of the granular fertilizers. Therefore, in this study, a strategy is presented to identify and select a set of DEM input parameters of granular fertilizers using the central composite design (CCD) to establish the nonlinear relationship between the dynamic macroscopic granular fertilizer properties and the DEM parameters. The determined interaction properties can be used to simulate granular fertilizers in EDEM