POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN GRAFIT UNTUK PROSES ELEKTRIFIKASI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BATERAI GUNA MENDUKUNG INDUSTRI PERTAHANAN STRATEGIS

Pengembangan teknologi elektrifikasi dalam industri pertahanan strategis memerlukan bahan baku yang efisien dan dapat diandalkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan baterai. Grafit, merupakan bahan yang terdapat di Indonesia sebagai salah satu material yang memiliki sifat konduktif dan kapasitas penyimpanan energi yang baik, memiliki potensi yang besar dalam mendukung proses elektrifikasi ini. Pengembangan bahan baku grafit ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pengembangan grafik sebagai bahan baku baterai guna mendukung industri pertahanan strategis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi studi literatur yang melibatkan penelusuran sumber daya ilmiah terkini yang relevan dengan topik ini. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa grafit memiliki karakteristik yang sangat diinginkan untuk aplikasi baterai dalam industri pertahanan strategis. Grafit memiliki konduktivitas listrik yang baik dan mampu menyimpan energi dalam jumlah yang signifikan. Selain itu, grafit juga memiliki stabilitas termal yang tinggi dan ketahanan terhadap kerusakan fisik, sehingga menjadikannya sebagai kandidat yang menjanjikan dalam pengembangan baterai. Namun, terdapat beberapa tantangan dalam pengembangan grafit sebagai bahan baku baterai. Salah satunya adalah memperbaiki kapasitas penyimpanan energi yang terbatas pada grafit saat ini. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengatasi tantangan ini dan memaksimalkan potensi penggunaan grafit dalam industri pertahanan strategis. Pengembangan grafit sebagai bahan baku baterai memiliki potensi yang signifikan dalam mendukung proses elektrifikasi dalam industri pertahanan strategis. Namun, tantangan teknis perlu diatasi melalui penelitian dan pengembangan lebih lanjut. Dengan memperluas pengetahuan dan penerapan teknologi grafit, diharapkan dapat mendorong kemajuan dalam industri pertahanan strategis dan menghadirkan solusi yang inovatif untuk kebutuhan energi yang berkelanjutan

Client perspectives on an outreach approach for HIV prevention targeting Indonesian MSM and transwomen

This study explored clients’ perspective on an outreach approach to promote HIV testing in Indonesia targeting men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (transwomen or waria). Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 32 individuals (21 MSM and 11 waria) who had received services from outreach workers (OWs) in five cities in Indonesia. Participants in this study reported positive experiences with the outreach approach and perceived OWs as their motivators in accessing HIV testing as well as HIV care and treatment. OWs provided easy-to-understand HIV information. Clients expected OWs to be well-trained and more creative in performing outreach. They perceived that the Internet and social media have helped them considerably to stay in touch with OWs. Yet, they expressed that such virtual contacts could not simply replace the face-to-face contact, especially for waria. Furthermore, clients suggested outreach to be delivered in a more appealing manner, for example through activities that may facilitate clients learning professional or life skills. They also asserted that as an HIV prevention approach, outreach needs to use more positive framing and go beyond HIV and health contents, chiefly for the youth. Future outreach programmes should facilitate OWs in providing tailored services based on the level and type of support that the clients need, and in applying varied proportion and levels of sophistication in the use of online and virtual platforms for outreach

Behavioral interventions to reduce HIV risk behavior for MSM and transwomen in Southeast Asia: a systematic review

This systematic review aims to gain insights from existing literature from Southeast Asian countries to improve future HIV prevention programs for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (transwomen). We conducted a systematic search in six international databases for literature published prior to 1 January 2015. We included studies describing behavioral interventions targeting MSM and/or transwomen, and conducted in at least one Southeast Asian country. Five out of 575 screened studies met the inclusion criteria and reported a si

Driving factors of retention in care among HIV-positive MSM and transwomen in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study

textabstractLittle is known about the prevalence of and factors that influence retention in HIV-related care among Indonesian men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (transwomen, or waria in Indonesian term). Therefore, we explored the driving factors of retention in care among HIV-positive MSM and waria in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study involved 298 self-reported HIV-positive MSM (n = 165) and waria (n = 133). Participants were recruited using targeted sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. We applied a four-step model building process using multivariable logistic regression to examine how sociodemographic, predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors were associated with retention in care. Overall, 78.5% of participants were linked to HIV care within 3 months after diagnosis or earlier, and 66.4% were adequately retained in care (at least one health care visit every three months once a person is diagnosed with HIV). Being on antiretroviral therapy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.93–12.3), using the Internet to find HIV-related information (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.00–4.59), and having medical insurance (AOR = 2.84; 95% CI: 1.27–6.34) were associated with adequate retention in care. Involvement with an HIV-related organization was associated negatively with retention in care (AOR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24–0.95). Future interventions should increase health insurance coverage and utilize the Internet to help MSM and waria to remain in HIV-related care, thereby assisting them in achieving viral suppression