Volunteered Geographic Information System and Its Contribution in Service Sector Employment

The potential of identifying the position of the observer in the geographical system in relation with neighbouring details and the instantaneous communication to the web server has created big data in geographic information, which has evolved in web Geographical Information System (GIS). Web GIS server provides the most reliable information in real-time. The technology is in its newbie has fascinated every age group to become the member of Web GIS. The use of technology and services are so user-friendly that even a layperson can handle without errors. The technology is finding its way in many service sectors like E-Commerce, vigilance, security and real-time tracking. The scope of expansion of this technology regarding the user community and knowledge utilisation awaits its versatility. The augmentation of techniques with its unique combinations has resulted in the building blocks of innovation and citizen-friendly apps. The growing user community is, in turn, encouraging the amateurs and professional to contribute to it. The web GIS facilitated service sector employment, which provides service at doorsteps, hence creating a scope of opportunities for young entrepreneurs

Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Cellular Networks with Energy Harvesting

We develop a new tractable model for K-tier heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets), where each base station (BS) is powered solely by a self-contained energy harvesting module. The BSs across tiers differ in terms of the energy harvesting rate, energy storage capacity, transmit power and deployment density. Since a BS may not always have enough energy, it may need to be kept OFF and allowed to recharge while nearby users are served by neighboring BSs that are ON. We show that the fraction of time a k^{th} tier BS can be kept ON, termed availability \rho_k, is a fundamental metric of interest. Using tools from random walk theory, fixed point analysis and stochastic geometry, we characterize the set of K-tuples (\rho_1, \rho_2, ... \rho_K), termed the availability region, that is achievable by general uncoordinated operational strategies, where the decision to toggle the current ON/OFF state of a BS is taken independently of the other BSs. If the availability vector corresponding to the optimal system performance, e.g., in terms of rate, lies in this availability region, there is no performance loss due to the presence of unreliable energy sources. As a part of our analysis, we model the temporal dynamics of the energy level at each BS as a birth-death process, derive the energy utilization rate, and use hitting/stopping time analysis to prove that there exists a fundamental limit on \rho_k that cannot be surpassed by any uncoordinated strategy.Comment: submitted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, July 201

Building an alternative e-governance model : lessons from e-Gram in Gujarat

Though there is a strong case for treating access to ICTs as a public good, dominant models of ICT deployment fail to address key policy issues of who develops, controls, implements and monitors the technology. This research study explores what kind of development and local governance are served by the telecentre initiative in India, proceeding to elaborate principles for an e-governance model based on tenets of participation, social justice and equity, through an assessment of an e-governance initiative of the state of Gujarat, which operates by means of an off-line software application, 'e-Gram Software’ in nearly 9000 gram panchayats within the state

Activation of Stainless Steel 316L Anode for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

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