An Examination of Rates of Use and Correlates of Protective Behavioral Strategies among College Students

The current study examines alcohol harm reduction strategies, such as the promotion of protective behavioral strategies (PBS). PBS are commonly used on college campuses to protect against the negative effects of alcohol use. Although research exists to support the use of PBS, very little information exists on differential use of the types of strategies. The current research analyzed the frequency of use of PBS as well as potential correlates of use such as demographic characteristics, exposure to prevention information, and actual rates of alcohol use among college students. An online survey developed by a national college health association was administered to students. The scale assessing PBS included eleven items and enabled the creation of a physical PBS subscale and a social PBS subscale. The scales were based on the nature of the strategies: either being related to impacting the physical effects of alcohol, or the utilization of social strategies to reduce negative alcohol-related consequences. Results indicated that there were differences across genders and year of enrollment in terms of the types of strategies used. Additionally, social PBS were found to be related to receipt of information from college officials on substance use. The results highlight the need for tailored prevention approaches as well as the need for future research

Reactions to Supporters of the 2016 Presidential Candidates

Two experiments were carried out to explore responses to supporters of 2016 Presidential candidates. In Study 1, a field experiment was carried out on the effect of political affiliation on an individual’s willingness to reciprocate a smile. The prediction that more participants (90 females, 90 males) on the SHU campus would return a smile to confederates wearing Trump vs. Clinton vs. a Neutral t-shirt was not supported. In Study 2, 253 participants volunteered to participate in a social perception experiment in which they rated confederates wearing a neutral, Trump, or Clinton for President t-shirt. In line with the hypothesis, MANOVA results showed that Trump supporters were perceived as more prejudiced (p \u3c .003) and Clinton supporters as more liberal (p \u3c .000)