2,805 research outputs found
A search for neutrino-antineutrino mass inequality by means of sterile neutrino oscillometry
The investigation of the oscillation pattern induced by the sterile neutrinos
might determine the oscillation parameters, and at the same time, allow to
probe CPT symmetry in the leptonic sector through neutrino-antineutrino mass
inequality. We propose to use a large scintillation detector like JUNO or LENA
to detect electron neutrinos and electron antineutrinos from MCi electron
capture or beta decay sources. Our calculations indicate that such an
experiment is realistic and could be performed in parallel to the current
research plans for JUNO and RENO. Requiring at least 5 confidence level
and assuming the values of the oscillation parameters indicated by the current
global fit, we would be able to detect neutrino-antineutrino mass inequality of
the order of 0.5% or larger, which would imply a signal of CPT anomalies.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
The New Fat Higgs: Slimmer and More Attractive
In this paper we increase the MSSM tree level higgs mass bound to a value
that is naturally larger than the LEP-II search constraint by adding to the
superpotential a term, as in the NMSSM, and UV
completing with new strong dynamics {\it before} becomes
non-perturbative. Unlike other models of this type the higgs fields remain
elementary, alleviating the supersymmetric fine-tuning problem while
maintaining unification in a natural way.Comment: 14 pages and 2 figures. Added references and updated argument about
constraints from reheating temperatur
Two Phases of Supersymmetric Gluodynamics
We argue that supersymmetric gluodynamics has two phases with equivalent
infrared behavior, one of which is asymptotically free and another one is
superstrongly coupled in the ultraviolet domain.Comment: Plain LaTeX, 6 pages, 2 figures in a uuencoded file Final version
which appeared in Phys. Rev. Let.75;2085-2087,1995 Corrected references and
some Comments with no effect on conclusion
Entanglement of macroscopically distinct states of light
Schr\"odinger's famous Gedankenexperiment has inspired multiple generations
of physicists to think about apparent paradoxes that arise when the logic of
quantum physics is applied to macroscopic objects. The development of quantum
technologies enabled us to produce physical analogues of Schr\"odinger's cats,
such as superpositions of macroscopically distinct states as well as entangled
states of microscopic and macroscopic entities. Here we take one step further
and prepare an optical state which, in Schr\"odinger's language, is equivalent
to a superposition of two cats, one of which is dead and the other alive, but
it is not known in which state each individual cat is. Specifically, the alive
and dead states are, respectively, the displaced single photon and displaced
vacuum (coherent state), with the magnitude of displacement being on a scale of
photons. These two states have significantly different photon statistics
and are therefore macroscopically distinguishable
Chirally Symmetric Phase of Supersymmetric Gluodynamics
We argue that supersymmetric gluodynamics (theory of gluons and gluinos) has
a condensate-free phase. Unlike the standard phase, the discrete axial symmetry
of the Lagrangian is unbroken in this phase, and the gluino condensate does not
develop. Extra unconventional vacua are supersymmetric and are characterized by
the presence of (bosonic and fermionic) massless bound states. A set of
arguments in favor of the conjecture includes: (i) analysis of the effective
Lagrangian of the Veneziano-Yankielowicz type which we amend to properly
incorporate all symmetries of the model; (ii) consideration of an unsolved
problem with the Witten index; (iii) interpretation of a mismatch between the
strong-coupling and weak coupling instanton calculations of the gluino
condensate detected previously. Impact on Seiberg's results is briefly
discussed.Comment: Minor typos corrected; final version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Physics of the interior of a black hole with an exotic scalar matter
We use a numerical code to consider the nonlinear processes arising when a
Reissner-Nordstrom black hole is irradiated by an exotic scalar field (modelled
as a free massless scalar field with an opposite sign for its energy-momentum
tensor). These processes are quite different from the processes arising in the
case of the same black hole being irradiated by a pulse of a normal scalar
field. In our case, we did not observe the creation of a spacelike strong
singularity in the T-region of the space-time. We investigate the antifocusing
effects in the gravity field of the exotic scalar field with the negative
energy density and the evolution of the mass function. We demonstrate the
process of vanishing of the black hole when it is irradiated by a strong pulse
of an exotic scalar field.Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures. Text has been rewritten and restructured,
Penrose diagrams have been added, appendix with convergence tests has been
added. Co-author has been added. Conclusions are unchange
Renormalization Group Invariance of Exact Results in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories
We clarify the notion of Wilsonian renormalization group (RG) invariance in
supersymmetric gauge theories, which states that the low-energy physics can be
kept fixed when one changes the ultraviolet cutoff, provided appropriate
changes are made to the bare coupling constants in the Lagrangian. We first
pose a puzzle on how a quantum modified constraint (such as Pf(Q^i Q^j) =
\Lambda^{2(N+1)} in SP(N) theories with N+1 flavors) can be RG invariant, since
the bare fields Q^i receive wave function renormalization when one changes the
ultraviolet cutoff, while we naively regard the scale \Lambda as RG invariant.
The resolution is that \Lambda is not RG invariant if one sticks to canonical
normalization for the bare fields as is conventionally done in field theory. We
derive a formula for how \Lambda must be changed when one changes the
ultraviolet cutoff. We then compare our formula to known exact results and show
that their consistency requires the change in \Lambda we have found. Finally,
we apply our result to models of supersymmetry breaking due to quantum modified
constraints. The RG invariance helps us to determine the effective potential
along the classical flat directions found in these theories. In particular, the
inverted hierarchy mechanism does not occur in the original version of these
models.Comment: LaTeX, 26 page
On the structure of line-driven winds near black holes
A general physical mechanism of the formation of line-driven winds at the
vicinity of strong gravitational field sources is investigated in the frame of
General Relativity. We argue that gravitational redshifting should be taken
into account to model such outflows. The generalization of the Sobolev
approximation in the frame of General Relativity is presented. We consider all
processes in the metric of a nonrotating (Schwarzschild) black hole. The
radiation force that is due to absorbtion of the radiation flux in lines is
derived. It is demonstrated that if gravitational redshifting is taken into
account, the radiation force becomes a function of the local velocity gradient
(as in the standard line-driven wind theory) and the gradient of . We
derive a general relativistic equation of motion describing such flow. A
solution of the equation of motion is obtained and confronted with that
obtained from the Castor, Abbott & Klein (CAK) theory. It is shown that the
proposed mechanism could have an important contribution to the formation of
line-driven outflows from compact objects.Comment: 20 pages, submitted to Ap
Quantum geometrodynamics for black holes and wormholes
The geometrodynamics of the spherical gravity with a selfgravitating thin
dust shell as a source is constructed. The shell Hamiltonian constraint is
derived and the corresponding Schroedinger equation is obtained. This equation
appeared to be a finite differences equation. Its solutions are required to be
analytic functions on the relevant Riemannian surface. The method of finding
discrete spectra is suggested based on the analytic properties of the
solutions. The large black hole approximation is considered and the discrete
spectra for bound states of quantum black holes and wormholes are found. They
depend on two quantum numbers and are, in fact, quasicontinuous.Comment: Latex, 32 pages, 5 fig
The spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid
In contrast to the well known Fermi liquid theory of three dimensions,
interacting one-dimensional and quasi one-dimensional systems of fermions are
described at low energy by an effective theory known as Luttinger liquid
theory. This theory is expressed in terms of collective many-body excitations
that show exotic behavior such as spin-charge separation. Luttinger liquid
theory is commonly applied on the premise that "low energy" describes both the
spin and charge sectors. However, when the interactions in the system are very
strong, as they typically are at low particle densities, the ratio of spin to
charge energy may become exponentially small. It is then possible at very low
temperatures for the energy to be low compared to the characteristic charge
energy, but still high compared to the characteristic spin energy. This energy
window of near ground-state charge degrees of freedom, but highly thermally
excited spin degrees of freedom is called a spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid.
The spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid exhibits a higher degree universality than
the Luttinger liquid and its properties are qualitatively distinct. In this
colloquium I detail some of the recent theoretical developments in the field
and describe experimental indications of such a regime in gated semiconductor
quantum wires.Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures. Updated references, corrected typo in Eq.(20)
in journal versio
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