VARIABILITAS PARAMETER LINGKUNGAN (SUHU, NUTRIEN, KLOROFILA, TSS) DI PERAIRAN TELUK TOLO, SULAWESI TENGAH SAAT MUSIM TIMUR

Potensi perikanan pelagis di perairan Teluk Tolo, Sulawesi Tengah sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan. Perubahan muson dan aktivitas manusia dapat menyebabkan terjadinya variasi terhadap parameter lingkungan, di antaranya suhu, nutrien, klorofil-a dan padatan tersuspensi total(TSS). Variabilitas tersebut dapat mempengaruhi kelimpahan plankton dan secara tidak langsung kelimpahan ikan pelagis di perairan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variabilitas suhu, nutrien, klorofil-a dan TSS di wilayah fishing groundTeluk Tolosaat pengukuran musim timur. Penelitian pada koordinat 2.57016 ˚LS – 2.92087 ˚LS dan 122.56985 ˚BT – 122.70107˚BT dilakukan tanggal 21-23 September 2016 yang diasumsikan sebagai perwakilan musim timur dan dibagi menjadi empat stasiun pengamatan. Pengukuran suhudilakukan secara langsung, sedangkan analisis sampelnutrien, klorofil-a dan TSS dilakukan di LKP – LRK BPOL. Suhu permukaan laut pada keempat stasiun relatif rendah dengan kisaran27,90 – 28,23 oC. Nilai TSS dan klorofil-a pada seluruh stasiun relatif tinggi karena merupakan lokasi penangkapan ikan, terlihat dari nilai TSS tertinggi di Stasiun 3 sebesar 42,000 mg/m3 dan nilai klorofil-a tertinggi di Stasiun 1 sebesar 0,20 mg/m3. Hasil analisis nutrien menunjukkan konsentrasi nutrien di keempat stasiun cukup tinggi, dengan nilai silikat dan ammonia tertinggi pada Stasiun 4 dengan nilai masing-masing 0,975 mmol Si/m3 dan 1,518 mmol N/m3. Konsentrasi nutrien lebih tinggi pada Stasiun 4 diprediksi karena lokasinya yang terdekat dari daratan. Secara umum, kondisi lingkungan di perairan Teluk Tolo dapat dinyatakan masih dalam kondisi baik dan diharapkan keseimbangan lingkungan ini tetap dipertahankan di masa datang

PROFIL VERTIKAL KANDUNGAN OKSIGEN TERLARUT DAN FLUORESENCE IN VIVO SEBAGAI INDIKATOR KEBERLANGSUNGAN KEHIDUPAN DI PERAIRAN LAUT MALUKU DAN LAUT SULAWESI

Indeso Joint Expeditions Cruise (IJEP) activity in 2016 measured some water quality parameters, one of them are dissolved oxygen and in vivo fluorescence for expressing biomass of phytoplankton community.Those parameters were measured for analyzing the important component of marine biogeochemical cycle used the titrimetric method and optical sensor.  Expedition of  IJEP was conducted on September 5-15, 2016 from the port of P2LD-LIPI Ambon into Bitung port, North Sulawesi. Measurement results of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) at 21 stations showed varied values vertically and horizontally.  Vertical distribution of DO and fluorescence were measured at seven of depth water (10, 50, 60-150, 300, 500, 750 dan 1000 meter).  Distribution of DO decreased through ocean inventory with its range values was 3,334 – 7,321 mg/L.  Depletion of dissolved oxygen from surface layer into the upper of thermocline layers (50 – 400 meter).  The concentration of DO decreased after chlorophyll maximum layer (represent as in vivo fluorescence) at different of depth water with its range value was 0,4441 – 1,1376 mg/m3. The concentrations of dissolved oxygen were higher both vertically and horizontally in Sulawesi Sea than in Maluku Sea at this transitional season (September 2016) but inversely condition for the in vivo fluorescence in which it’s higher in Maluku Sea. There was an indication of internal upper water mass impacts on the highest concentration of in vivo fluorescence in Maluku Sea. These results indicate that Maluku Sea and Sulawesi Sea have the carrying capacity of the ecosystem for sustainability of their marine life.

Fe(III) Oxide-modified Indonesian Bentonite for Catalytic Photodegradation of Phenol in Water

Phenol, which is a major organic pollutant, is usually detected in industrial wastewater, and thus the wastewater should be processed further before discharged into water bodies. Application of heterogeneous catalysis using natural-based materials is known to be effective and environmentally friendly in removing hazardous substances in water. In this study, local natural bentonite from the Tapanuli region in Indonesia was modified to eliminate dissolved phenol. Elimination by photodegradation reaction was conducted in a photo-Fenton system utilizing Fe(III) oxide-modified bentonite (Fe-B) as catalyst. Fe-B was prepared by a cation exchanging process using mixture solutions of NaOH and FeCl3 with OH/Fe molar ratio of 2:1 and calcined at 300 °C. Material characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-angle XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The reaction components consisted of ultraviolet C light, H2O2, and Fe-B, and they were processed in a batch reactor. The role of each component was analyzed by a series of reaction conditions (i.e., adsorption, photolysis, H2O2 effect, Fenton, and homogeneous photo-Fenton). The heterogeneous photo-Fenton system was found to be essential for phenol degradation, as none of the reaction conditions caused total phenol removal in the 180 min reaction time. To conclude, heterogeneous photo-Fenton gave the highest photodegradation activity, and the best experimental condition for 1.10 mM phenol removal was 5 g L-1 catalyst, 78.35 mM H2O2, and 90 min reaction time.&nbsp

Fe(III) Oxide-modified Indonesian Bentonite for Catalytic Photodegradation of Phenol in Water

Phenol, which is a major organic pollutant, is usually detected in industrial wastewater, and thus the wastewater should be processed further before discharged into water bodies. Application of heterogeneous catalysis using natural-based materials is known to be effective and environmentally friendly in removing hazardous substances in water. In this study, local natural bentonite from the Tapanuli region in Indonesia was modified to eliminate dissolved phenol. Elimination by photodegradation reaction was conducted in a photo-Fenton system utilizing Fe(III) oxide-modified bentonite (Fe-B) as catalyst. Fe-B was prepared by a cation exchanging process using mixture solutions of NaOH and FeCl3 with OH/Fe molar ratio of 2:1 and calcined at 300 °C. Material characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-angle XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The reaction components consisted of ultraviolet C light, H2O2, and Fe-B, and they were processed in a batch reactor. The role of each component was analyzed by a series of reaction conditions (i.e., adsorption, photolysis, H2O2 effect, Fenton, and homogeneous photo-Fenton). The heterogeneous photo-Fenton system was found to be essential for phenol degradation, as none of the reaction conditions caused total phenol removal in the 180 min reaction time. To conclude, heterogeneous photo-Fenton gave the highest photodegradation activity, and the best experimental condition for 1.10 mM phenol removal was 5 g L-1 catalyst, 78.35 mM H2O2, and 90 min reaction time

Sea bunnies as a potential marine ecotourism in sumberkima, Buleleng Regency, Bali

The Sumberkima Village has a vital coral reef ecosystem since the ecosystem has become home to some incredible marine biotas, including sea bunnies, a sea slug or Nudibranch species. The Nudibranch community can indicate the health of the ecosystem from its diversity and structure. This study aims to determine the distribution and value of the Nudibranchia Ecological Index and provide an example informative infographic of sea bunnies to support marine ecotourism at Sumberkima Village, Gerokgak District, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. The research method applied is observation by visual census with an underwater camera (underwater visual census) and SCUBA diving equipment at a depth range of 5-25 meters. Observation data were collected in April 2021. A total of 15 species were found at ten dive sites.: Chromodoris annae, Chromodoris magnifica, Goniobranchus reticulatus, Hypselodoris apolegma, Hypselodoris bullockii, Nembrotha cristata, Nembrotha kubaryana, Nembrotha sp, Notodoris serenae, Phyllidia elegans, Phyllidia varicosa, Phyllidiopsis pipecki, Phyllidiopsis shireenae. The most dominant species was a member of Phyllidia genus, and an uncommon species is Goniobranchus reticulatus

Ocean carbon from space: Current status and priorities for the next decade

This work is a contribution to the Ocean Colour Radiometry Virtual Constellation (OCR-VC) of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), through the International Ocean Colour Coordinating Group. This paper is also a contribution towards the preparation of the Aquatic Carbon Roadmap of CEOS over the next couple of years.-- 41 pages, 3 figures, 10 tables.-- Data availability: Data for Fig. 1a were generated from a free Scopus (https://www.scopus.com/) search of the terms "Ocean carbon satellite" (using All fields) in March 2022. Data from Fig. 1b and 1c were generated from the workshop registration and are available within the figure (participation number, geographical representation and gender split)The ocean plays a central role in modulating the Earth’s carbon cycle. Monitoring how the ocean carbon cycle is changing is fundamental to managing climate change. Satellite remote sensing is currently our best tool for viewing the ocean surface globally and systematically, at high spatial and temporal resolutions, and the past few decades have seen an exponential growth in studies utilising satellite data for ocean carbon research. Satellite-based observations must be combined with in-situ observations and models, to obtain a comprehensive view of ocean carbon pools and fluxes. To help prioritise future research in this area, a workshop was organised that assembled leading experts working on the topic, from around the world, including remote-sensing scientists, field scientists and modellers, with the goal to articulate a collective view of the current status of ocean carbon research, identify gaps in knowledge, and formulate a scientific roadmap for the next decade, with an emphasis on evaluating where satellite remote sensing may contribute. A total of 449 scientists and stakeholders participated (with balanced gender representation), from North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Sessions targeted both inorganic and organic pools of carbon in the ocean, in both dissolved and particulate form, as well as major fluxes of carbon between reservoirs (e.g., primary production) and at interfaces (e.g., air-sea and land–ocean). Extreme events, blue carbon and carbon budgeting were also key topics discussed. Emerging priorities identified include: expanding the networks and quality of in-situ observations; improved satellite retrievals; improved uncertainty quantification; improved understanding of vertical distributions; integration with models; improved techniques to bridge spatial and temporal scales of the different data sources; and improved fundamental understanding of the ocean carbon cycle, and of the interactions among pools of carbon and light. We also report on priorities for the specific pools and fluxes studied, and highlight issues and concerns that arose during discussions, such as the need to consider the environmental impact of satellites or space activities; the role satellites can play in monitoring ocean carbon dioxide removal approaches; economic valuation of the satellite based information; to consider how satellites can contribute to monitoring cycles of other important climatically-relevant compounds and elements; to promote diversity and inclusivity in ocean carbon research; to bring together communities working on different aspects of planetary carbon; maximising use of international bodies; to follow an open science approach; to explore new and innovative ways to remotely monitor ocean carbon; and to harness quantum computing. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive scientific roadmap for the next decade on how satellite remote sensing could help monitor the ocean carbon cycle, and its links to the other domains, such as terrestrial and atmosphereThis work was funded through a European Space Agency (ESA) project “Biological Pump and Carbon Exchange Processes (BICEP)” and by the Simons Foundation Project “Collaboration on Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems (CBIOMES)” (549947, SS). It was also supported by the UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO). Additional support from the Ocean Colour Component of the Climate Change Initiative of the European Space Agency (ESA) is gratefully acknowledged. Robert J. W. Brewin is supported by a UKRI Future Leader Fellowship (MR/V022792/1). Robert J. W. Brewin, Giorgio Dall'Olmo and Gavin H. Tilstone were supported by the Atlantic Meridional Transect Programme. Thomas Frölicher was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. PP00P2_198897). Astrid Bracher’s contribution is funded by the ESA 656 708 S5P + Innovation Theme 7 Ocean Colour (S5POC) project (No 4000127533/19/I-NS). Jamie Shutler acknowledges support from the ESA Ocean Health Ocean Acidification project (No. AO/1-10757/21/I-DT)With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)Peer reviewe