Polygonaceae

Hierbas anuales o perennes, arbustos o árboles. Hojas alternas o verticiladas, a veces formando una roseta basal, simples y enteras, estípulas bien desarrolladas y connadas formando una vaina que abraza al tallo (ócrea), con distintas formas y tamaños, persistente o caduca, raro ausentes. Flores en fascículos laxos o compactos, simples o ramificados, pequeñas y sustentadas por una ocréola persistente, con pedicelo articulado; perfectas o a veces imperfectas (plantas monoicas, dioicas o polígamas); actinomorfas, trímeras, a veces pentámeras (raro dímeras). Perianto homoclamídeo o perigonio con 2-6 tépalos connados en la base formando un tubo, calicoide o corolino, blanco o rosado, comúnmente en dos verticilos de 3 piezas no claramente diferenciadas en sépalos y pétalos, algunas veces 5 uniseriadas, comúnmente persistentes; estambres 2-9, raro más, en dos ciclos de 3, opuestos a los tépalos externos; filamentos libres o unidos en la base, a menudo de dos longitudes, los internos dilatados; anteras bitécicas con dehiscencia longitudinal; nectarios formando un disco anular en la base del ovario o varios situados entre los estambres; gineceo súpero, carpelos (2-)3(-4), unidos en un ovario unilocular, uniovulado; estilos 2-4 libres o unidos en la base; placenta basal o formando una breve columna central; óvulo ortótropo (o anátropo), bitegumentado, raro unitegumentado. Fruto aquenio envuelto por el perianto acrescente. Semilla lenticular, trígona o tríquetra; embrión antítropo, periférico, a veces axial, a menudo curvado; endosperma abundante, harinoso u oleoso, duro o blando, algunas veces ruminado. x= 7, 14. La familia comprende unos 30 géneros y 1000 especies difundidas en todo el mundo, principalmente de regiones templadas del hemisferio norte. Buchinger

Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe : A Synthesis of National Perspectives

Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale wildland fire statistics across European countries, there is still a crucial need to collect and summarize in-depth local analysis and understanding of the wildland fire condition and associated challenges across Europe. This article aims to provide a general overview of the current wildland fire patterns and challenges as perceived by national representatives, supplemented by national fire statistics (2009-2018) across Europe. For each of the 31 countries included, we present a perspective authored by scientists or practitioners from each respective country, representing a wide range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected from members of the COST Action "Fire and the Earth System: Science & Society" funded by the European Commission with the aim to share knowledge and improve communication about wildland fire. Where relevant, a brief overview of key studies, particular wildland fire challenges a country is facing, and an overview of notable recent fire events are also presented. Key perceived challenges included (1) the lack of consistent and detailed records for wildland fire events, within and across countries, (2) an increase in wildland fires that pose a risk to properties and human life due to high population densities and sprawl into forested regions, and (3) the view that, irrespective of changes in management, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of wildland fires in the coming decades. Addressing challenge (1) will not only be valuable in advancing national and pan-European wildland fire management strategies, but also in evaluating perceptions (2) and (3) against more robust quantitative evidence.Peer reviewe

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Tudo, ao mesmo tempo, agora

<p>RESUMEN: Partiendo del análisis de algunos factores poco visibles de la crisis, los autores intentan captar la relación entre la problemática de la gobernabilidad y el sistema político. Determinadas estructuras y dinámicas institucionales muestran la necesidad de reforzar una doble tarea ya emprendida por la sociedad brasileña: la de renovación de élites y la de innovación institucional.</p><p>ABSTRACT: Starting from the analysis of several hardly visible factors of the crisis, the authors try to observe the ongoing linkages between the problems of governability and the political system. Some of the structures and dinamics of the institucional process reveal the need for reinforcing a double enterprise just begun by the brasilian society: the elite renovation and the institucional innovation.</p

Tudo, ao mesmo tempo, agora

[ES] Partiendo del análisis de algunos factores poco visibles de la crisis, los autores intentan captar la relación entre la problemática de la gobernabilidad y el sistema político. Determinadas estructuras y dinámicas institucionales muestran la necesidad de reforzar una doble tarea ya emprendida por la sociedad brasileña: la de renovación de élites y la de innovación institucional.[EN] Starting from the analysis of several hardly visible factors of the crisis, the authors try to observe the ongoing linkages between the problems of governability and the political system. Some of the structures and dinamics of the institucional process reveal the need for reinforcing a double enterprise just begun by the brasilian society: the elite renovation and the institucional innovation

19th International CINet Conference Continuous Innovation: Spinning out and spinning in

The Energy and Water sectors crave innovation. The sectors also exhibit clusters of firms which interact in developing innovations. We explore how demonstrating learning in a cluster facilitates innovation. The paper is built around an intervention at a demonstration site in Blackstairs Group Water Scheme (Wexford, Ireland) planning to implement a pump-as-turbine, a disruptive micro-hydropower technology, to recover energy from its water network. Group Water Schemes are small private community organisations focused on delivering water solutions to their rural communities We reflect on the relationships among cluster engagement, collaborative prototyping and learning mechanisms in order to understand how learning through demonstration in a smart specialisation cluster can contribute to the promotion of continuous innovation in energy and water in rural Ireland and beyond

A review of significance of Aspergillus detection in airways of ICU COVID-19 patients

International audienceIt is now well known that patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted in ICU and mechanically ventilated are at risk of developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Nevertheless, symptomatology of IPA is often atypical in mechanically ventilated patients, and radiological aspects in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and IPA are difficult to differentiate. In this context, the significance of the presence of Aspergillus in airway specimens (detected by culture, galactomannan antigen or specific PCR) remains to be fully understood. To decipher the relevance of the detection of Aspergillus, we performed a comprehensive review of all published cases of respiratory Aspergillus colonisation and IPA in COVID-19 patients. The comparison of patients receiving or not antifungal treatment allowed us to highlight the most important criteria for the decision to treat. The comparison of surviving and non-surviving patients made it possible to unveil criteria associated with mortality that should be taken into account in the treatment decision

Postoperative Mediastinitis Due to Finegoldia magna with Negative Blood Cultures▿

We report a case of Finegoldia magna (formerly known as Peptostreptococcus magnus) mediastinitis following coronary artery bypass in a 50-year-old patient. Even if staphylococci remain the main causative organism of postoperative mediastinitis, the responsibility of anaerobic bacteria must be considered in cases of fever and sternal drainage with negative blood cultures