Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Reversible Acute Kidney Injury with Full Recovery: Experience of a Nephrology Department

Purpose: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a real public health problem due to its severity and gravity. In a 2013 meta-analysis, Susantitaphong, et al. estimated the incidence of AKI worldwide at between 10% and 20%. In the latter study, no African studies were included, given the lack of data in the literature. Our objective was to identify the clinical and paraclinical epidemiological characteristics of patients with AKI.Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective study including patients who had AKI with recovery of normal renal function hospitalized in a nephrology service between 2002 and 2015.Results: Our population consisted of 107 men and 107 women with a median age of 61 years (IQR 43-73.25) of which 42.1% were multitargeted. Functional AKI represented the predominant mechanism of AKI retained in our study with a rate of 53.2% with dehydration as the main etiology for 108 patients (50.46%). Organic cause was retained in 38.8% of patients, with acute tubular necrosis (ATN) as the most frequent etiology (37.35%). Kidney disease improving global outcomes (KDIGO) stage 3 was the stage retained for 115 patients included in our series, 31 of whom required extra renal purification. During their hospitalization, 78.5% of the patients presented a persistent AKI (duration of the episode > 7 days). A glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lower than 60 ml/min/1.73 m² at discharge was found in 119 patients and 10 patients had a GFR higher than 90 ml/min/1.73 m². After 3 months from discharge, 77.5% of patients had a GFR between 60 and 90 ml/min/1.73 m².Conclusion: Our results give us an idea of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients who have had acute renal failure with recovery of normal renal function and enable us to better recognize patients at risk in order to avoid such complications. AKI remains a major issue and knowing its epidemiological and clinical characteristics will allow its prevention

The antibacterial activity of Libyan honey against gram negative bacilli: Potential treatment agent for infectious diseases?

Aims: Honey has is a rich source of many compounds that exhibit anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in a wide variety of bacterial pathogens has generated renewed interest in natural antimicrobials. The aim of the present study was to assess the antibacterial activity of Libyan honey in vitro. Methodology: The antibacterial activities of selected Libyan origin honey including Libyan Spring, AL-Sader, Thyme and Al-Hanone (at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100 % (w/v)) were tested against Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis using agar well-diffusion assay. The measurement of exponential bacterial growth curves was used to determine the effects on the microbial growth pattern spectrophotometrically at 600 nm. In addition, plate count methods were used to enumerate the effects of honey on the viable bacterial count. Results and Discussion: Honey progressively inhibited bacterial growth at higher concentrations. This effect was variable depending on the honey type. For example, Al Sader honey showed the highest inhibition zones 21.3 mm ±0.8 against P. mirabilis followed by Thyme (21 mm ±0.5) and spring (20 mm ±0.5). Al-Hanone honey only exhibited effects against E. coli (14 mm ±0.5 and 8 mm ±0.4 at 100% w/v and 75% w/v, respectively). The Al Sader, spring and Thyme honey significantly reduced the Yersinia enterocolitica bacteria growth curve (p<0.05). All tested honey significant reduced E. coli growth from 5hrs compared to the control samples (p<0.05). Conclusion: All honey tested showed inhibition of bacterial growth. Concentrated honeys were more effective against Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The efficacy of different types of honey was dependent on the honey concentration and origin