4 research outputs found
Chemical Composition, FTIR Studies and Antibacterial Activity of Passiflora edulis f. edulis (Fruit)
Because of the strong interest in the use of bio-products as alternatives to chemically derived antibiotics or antimicrobial agents, passion fruits extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial activity and chemical composition. Various solvent extracts of P. edulis were screened for their antibacterial activity by Agar well diffusion technique against an array of pathogenic bacteria (Gram positive and negative). Macro dilution technique was used to determine the Minimum inhibitory concentration of the potent extracts. Bacterial strain showing significant inhibition was further subjected to scanning electron microcopy (SEM) and the morphological changes induced by extracts were noted. Chemical composition of extracts showing strong antibacterial activity was determined by GC-MS and FTIR analysis. Extracts of Passion fruit (pulp with seeds) show significant inhibitory effects against test isolates but in a variable manner. Amongst all the test isolates Bacillus subtilis showed maximum inhibition followed by E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Ethyl acetate extracts had the least activity against the tested microorganisms. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of ethanol extracts showed the presence of important chemicals, such as Tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane; Dodecanoic acid, 10-methyl-, methyl ester cyclosiloxane, hexadecamethyl; 3-isopropoxy-1,1,1,7,7,7-hexamethyl-3,5,5-tris (trimethylsiloxy)tetrasil; 9-hexadecenoic acid, 9-octadecenyl ester, (Z,Z)- Fourier transform infrared studies revealed important functional groups which included phenols, esters, flavonoids, aromatic compounds, and alcohols. Significant antibacterial activity of the extracts could be attributed to phenolic compounds, esters and other chemical components identified in ethanolic extracts. Scanning electron micrographs of B. subtilis treated with ethanol extracts showed distorted shapes, rough and corrugated cell margins, and aggregations of cells. Our data depict the significant antimicrobial activity of extracts against Gram positive bacteria while the Gram negative bacteria exhibited weak inhibition by all the extracts. Based on our findings, passion fruits can be used in preparations of antimicrobial formulations against Gram positive microorganisms especially B. subtilis
Extension of Khan’s Homotopy Transformation Method via Optimal Parameter for Differential Difference Equations
A new scheme, deduced from Khan’s homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) (Khan, 2014; Khan and Wu, 2011) via optimal parameter, is presented for solving nonlinear differential difference equations. Simple but typical examples are given to illustrate the validity and great potential of Khan’s homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) via optimal parameter in solving nonlinear differential difference equation. The numerical solutions show that the proposed method is very efficient and computationally attractive.
It provides more realistic series solutions that converge very rapidly for nonlinear real physical problems. The results reveal that the method is very effective and simple. This method gives more reliable results as compared to other existing methods available in the literature. The numerical results demonstrate the validity and applicability of the method