996 research outputs found
‘Possibilities in a Collaboration’: Boxwood in Context
A biographical reminiscence by Sylvia Townsend Warner describing a moment in her early childhood when she awoke to the power of language, and recalling some of her glimpses of the nuns living nearby in the Convent of the Visitation
Edge Influence on Reproductive Success of Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
With continued forest fragmentation, edge effects play an important role in shaping the structure and composition of plant communities. Some forest plant species exhibit increased abundance at forest edges, while other species have a negative edge response. Despite welldocumented edge effects, there are few studies that document the underlying effects on population dynamics of individual species that result in edge responses. Two mechanisms may generate differential distribution of a species across an edge. Edges may 1) alter population demographics by influencing the plant’s uptake and allocation of resources, or may 2) influence the spatial pattern of seed dispersal. Coral berry (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus) is a fleshy-fruited native shrub present at both forest edge and interior habitats. In order to assess spatial demographic responses of S. orbiculatus, reproductive success was determined for individuals occurring along transects perpendicular to the forest edge. Following light gradients, population density of S. orbiculatus declined with distance into the forest, with few individuals occurring eight meters into the forest. Similarly, total fruit production by each individual was positively correlated with light intensity and negatively correlated with distance from the edge. The quality of offspring produced was unaffected by the edge as the weight of individual seeds and fruits did not change significantly with distance from the edge. Seeds produced were ~99% viable across the entire population with no edge effects. For this species, increased growth and reproductive 3 performance at forest edges appears sufficient to generate the observed spatial pattern of the species. With increasing forest fragmentation, these data suggest that populations of this understory shrub could see rapid growth at edges and that the high seed production of edge plants may increase seed availability even beyond edges
DAIRY GRAZING FINANCES IN MICHIGAN AND WISCONSIN, 1999
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate possible outcomes and problems of merging farm data sets from multiple states in order to build a statistically sound body of financial information that will help individual farmers analyze their own situations. This paper is in support of a grant titled "Regional/Multi-State Interpretation of Small Farm Financial Data" recently funded by USDA - IFAFS - Farm Efficiency and Profitability. Financial data sets came from dairy farms using management intensive grazing (MIG) strategies during 1999. There were 12 farms from Michigan and 19 farms from Wisconsin. Finpack and Finansum were used to process the data from all farms. Definitions and formulas are not given in this paper as they can be found in Finpack users' guides and manuals. The averages for all 31 farms are given in Tables 1 through 10 plus Figures 1 and 2. The averages for farms with less than 70 milk cows are given in Tables 11 through 20. Averages for farms with over 70 cows are in Tables 21 through 30. Towards the end of the paper is a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the data set and what should be considered as more states' data are merged into the grant project. The last page, Table 32, gives some income and expense categories on a per cow basis which may be useful in doing an individual farm comparative analysis.Agricultural Finance, Livestock Production/Industries,
Structure and Rheology of the Defect-gel States of Pure and Particle-dispersed Lyotropic Lamellar Phases
We present important new results from light-microscopy and rheometry on a
moderately concentrated lyotropic smectic, with and without particulate
additives. Shear-treatment aligns the phase rapidly, except for a striking
network of oily-streak defects, which anneals out much more slowly. If
spherical particles several microns in diameter are dispersed in the lamellar
medium, part of the defect network persists under shear-treatment, its nodes
anchored on the particles. The sample as prepared has substantial storage and
loss moduli, both of which decrease steadily under shear-treatment. Adding
particles enhances the moduli and retards their decay under shear. The data for
the frequency-dependent storage modulus after various durations of
shear-treatment can be scaled to collapse onto a single curve. The elasticity
and dissipation in these samples thus arises mainly from the defect network,
not directly from the smectic elasticity and hydrodynamics.Comment: 19 pages inclusive of 12 PostScript figures, uses revtex, psfrag and
epsfig. Revised version, accepted for publication in Euro. Phys. J. B, with
improved images of defect structure and theoretical estimates of network
elasticity and scalin
Theory of Suspension Segregation in Partially Filled Horizontal Rotating Cylinders
It is shown that a suspension of particles in a partially-filled, horizontal,
rotating cylinder is linearly unstable towards axial segregation and an
undulation of the free surface at large enough particle concentrations. Relying
on the shear-induced diffusion of particles, concentration-dependent viscosity,
and the existence of a free surface, our theory provides an explanation of the
experiments of Tirumkudulu et al., Phys. Fluids 11, 507-509 (1999); ibid. 12,
1615 (2000).Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys Fluids (Lett) 10 pages, two eps
figure
Pharmacokinetics of Octreotide in Patients With Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension; Relationship Between the Plasma Levels of the Analogue and the Magnitude and Duration of the Reduction in Corrected Wedged Hepatic Venous Pressure
In healthy subjects octreotide is largely metabolised
by the liver suggesting that the plasma half-life of the
somatostatin analogue may be prolonged in patients
with hepatic dysfunction. The aim of this study was
therefore (a) to determine the pharmacokinetics of
octreotide following its subcutaneous injection in 6
patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension and
(b) compare the magnitude and duration of the effects
of intravenous administration of 250 μg somatostatin
and 50 μg octreotide on corrected wedged hepatic
venous pressure (WHVP) and to relate the findings to
the plasma levels of the analogue 1h after administration
in 13 patients with cirrhosis and portal
hypertension. Following subcutaneous administration
of 50 μg octreotide the circulating half life (range
2.4 to 4.79 h) was prolonged whereas the clearance
(range 2.101 to 4.775 L/h) was decreased compared to
healthy controls. Intravenous bolus administration of
25 μg somatostatin or 50 μg octreotide resulted in a
reduction in WHVP of approximately the same
magnitude and duration despite appreciable quantities
of the analogue in the blood lh after administration
(1944 ± 226 pg/ml). These results indicate
that the circulating half-life of octreotide is prolonged
in cirrhotics suggesting that the dosage
regimens should be modified in such patients to
avoid accumulation of the analogue in the blood
which may result in undesirable side-effects or
toxicity. Furthermore, since the magnitude and
duration of the reduction in WHVP elicited by IV
octreotide is similar to that obseved with somatostatin,
the analogue, like the native hormone, must be
administered by continuous IV infusion to produce a
sustained response and hence a therapeutic effect in
the management of acute variceal bleeding
Variable Selection and Model Averaging in Semiparametric Overdispersed Generalized Linear Models
We express the mean and variance terms in a double exponential regression
model as additive functions of the predictors and use Bayesian variable
selection to determine which predictors enter the model, and whether they enter
linearly or flexibly. When the variance term is null we obtain a generalized
additive model, which becomes a generalized linear model if the predictors
enter the mean linearly. The model is estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo
simulation and the methodology is illustrated using real and simulated data
sets.Comment: 8 graphs 35 page
Irrigation management transfer in Turkey: Early experience with a national program under rapid implementation
Irrigation managementPrivatizationOperationsIrrigation systemsParticipatory managementLocal managementCost recoveryConflictAgricultural productionCotton
- …