16 research outputs found
ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π€ΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ«Π₯ Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ Π‘Π ΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ₯
The aspects of analytical determination of disinfectants derivatives of the phenol series Π°rΠ΅ considered. The possibility of codetermination of five derivatives of this series in different disinfectants using the RP-HPLC method in the isocratic mode (UV detection) is shown. Alternatively, the possibilities of the determination with the use of spectrophotometry and GC methods are considered. This study and previous ones showed that the extraction of phenol derivatives by organic solvents from Π° wide range of disinfectants is feasible only in some cases, preferably with the use of hexane as an extractant. Further spectrophotometry of hexane extracts does not always enable to correctly compensate for the effect of background impurities and requires an additional separation of the components. The literature data and experimental results suggest that it is more efficient to analyze the whole series of disinfectants in isopropanol (sometimes in water) by chromatographic methods, preferably by HPLC. Sample preparation reduces to the solubilization of batches of ready-made disinfectants in isopropanol/water. It is optimal to carry out the chromatographic study using elution with acetonitrile-based systems (for example, Π‘Π3Π‘N:Π2O, 60:40) providing the correct determination (Ξ» = 280 nΡ) of phenol derivatives. The completeness of extraction (if the extraction method is used), as well as the metrology aspects of all the analytical determination is set directly in Π° laboratory during the realization of procedures of introduction/validation according to the internal documents of the system quality management for the relevant structural unit.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ€ ΠΠΠΠ₯ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ (Π£Π€-Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅). ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠΠ₯. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ°. Π Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π΅ (ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅) Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠΠ₯. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π΅/Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅. Π₯ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (Ξ» = 280 Π½ΠΌ) ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»Π°
THE DETERMINATION OF PHENOLS COMPOUNDS IN DISINFECTANTS
The aspects of analytical determination of disinfectants derivatives of the phenol series Π°rΠ΅ considered. The possibility of codetermination of five derivatives of this series in different disinfectants using the RP-HPLC method in the isocratic mode (UV detection) is shown. Alternatively, the possibilities of the determination with the use of spectrophotometry and GC methods are considered. This study and previous ones showed that the extraction of phenol derivatives by organic solvents from Π° wide range of disinfectants is feasible only in some cases, preferably with the use of hexane as an extractant. Further spectrophotometry of hexane extracts does not always enable to correctly compensate for the effect of background impurities and requires an additional separation of the components. The literature data and experimental results suggest that it is more efficient to analyze the whole series of disinfectants in isopropanol (sometimes in water) by chromatographic methods, preferably by HPLC. Sample preparation reduces to the solubilization of batches of ready-made disinfectants in isopropanol/water. It is optimal to carry out the chromatographic study using elution with acetonitrile-based systems (for example, Π‘Π3Π‘N:Π2O, 60:40) providing the correct determination (Ξ» = 280 nΡ) of phenol derivatives. The completeness of extraction (if the extraction method is used), as well as the metrology aspects of all the analytical determination is set directly in Π° laboratory during the realization of procedures of introduction/validation according to the internal documents of the system quality management for the relevant structural unit
The determination of polymeric derivatives of guanidine in disinfectants by two-phase titration
The article considers the results of identifying the disinfectant water-soluble guanidines polymers by means of methods including spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence analysis, as well as the use of gold nanoparticles. The present work describes the results of polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG) identification in finished compositions. It is shown that auxiliary components such as quaternary ammonium compounds prevent the identification of the PHMG in the mixture. So, most known methods are ineffective or require additional manipulations. The method of quantitative analysis of polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG) and polyhexamethylenebiguanidine (PHMB) in disinfectants by means of two-phase titration with sodium dodecyl sulfate in the presence of bromophenol blue indicator was proposed. The end point was detected visually. This method allows taking into account the additive contributions of quaternary ammonium compounds in PHMG titration results. In this case, the titration at all stages of the determination of PHMG is conducted with sodium dodecy sulfate solutions with the same concentrations and the same weighed portions of sample are taking. Other disinfectants, namely hydrogen peroxide, alcohols, primary, secondary, tertiary amines, including N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecylamine present in the solution do not interfere with the identification of PHMG
Alcoxotechnology for obtaining heat-resistant materials based on rhenium and ruthenium
Objectives. To develop physical and chemical bases and methods to obtain rheniumβruthenium isoproxide Re4-yRuyO6(OPri)10 βa precursor for obtaining a high-temperature alloyβfrom ruthenium acetylacetonate and rhenium isoproxide acquired by electrochemical methods.Methods. IR spectroscopy (EQUINOX 55 Bruker, Germany), X-ray phase and elemental analyses, energy-dispersive microanalysis (EDMA, SEM JSM5910-LV, analytical system AZTEC), powder X-ray diffraction (diffractometer D8 Advance Bruker, Germany), experimental station XSA beamline at the Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source.Results. The isoproxide complex of rheniumβruthenium Re4-yRuyO6(OPri)10Β was obtained, and its composition and structure were established. Previously conducted quantum chemical calculations on the possibility of replacing rhenium atoms with ruthenium atoms in the isopropylate complex were experimentally proven, and the influence of the electroconductive additive on the composition of the obtained alloy was revealed.Conclusions. Physical and chemical bases and methods for obtaining rheniumβruthenium isoproxide Re4-yRuyO6(OPri)10Β were developed. The possibility of using rheniumβruthenium Re4-yRuyO6(OPri)10Β as a precursor in the production of ultra- and nanodisperse rheniumβruthenium alloy powders at a record low temperature of 650Β°C were shown
ΠΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Objectives. To develop physical and chemical bases and methods to obtain rheniumβruthenium isoproxide Re4-yRuyO6(OPri)10 βa precursor for obtaining a high-temperature alloyβfrom ruthenium acetylacetonate and rhenium isoproxide acquired by electrochemical methods.Methods. IR spectroscopy (EQUINOX 55 Bruker, Germany), X-ray phase and elemental analyses, energy-dispersive microanalysis (EDMA, SEM JSM5910-LV, analytical system AZTEC), powder X-ray diffraction (diffractometer D8 Advance Bruker, Germany), experimental station XSA beamline at the Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source.Results. The isoproxide complex of rheniumβruthenium Re4-yRuyO6(OPri)10Β was obtained, and its composition and structure were established. Previously conducted quantum chemical calculations on the possibility of replacing rhenium atoms with ruthenium atoms in the isopropylate complex were experimentally proven, and the influence of the electroconductive additive on the composition of the obtained alloy was revealed.Conclusions. Physical and chemical bases and methods for obtaining rheniumβruthenium isoproxide Re4-yRuyO6(OPri)10Β were developed. The possibility of using rheniumβruthenium Re4-yRuyO6(OPri)10Β as a precursor in the production of ultra- and nanodisperse rheniumβruthenium alloy powders at a record low temperature of 650Β°C were shown.Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ-ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Re4-yRuyO6(OPri)10 ΠΈΠ· Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ β ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ (EQUINOX 55 Bruker, ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ), ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· (ΠΠΠΠ, Π‘ΠΠ JSM5910βLV, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° AZTEC), ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ (Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ D8 Advance Bruker, ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ), ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ Β«Π Π‘ΠΒ» ΠΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ-ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Re4-yRuyO6(OPri)10Β , ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ-ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Re4-yRuyO6(OPri)10Β , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°- ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ-ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ 650 Β°C
ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
The article considers the results of identifying the disinfectant water-soluble guanidines polymers by means of methods including spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence analysis, as well as the use of gold nanoparticles. The present work describes the results of polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG) identification in finished compositions. It is shown that auxiliary components such as quaternary ammonium compounds prevent the identification of the PHMG in the mixture. So, most known methods are ineffective or require additional manipulations. The method of quantitative analysis of polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG) and polyhexamethylenebiguanidine (PHMB) in disinfectants by means of two-phase titration with sodium dodecyl sulfate in the presence of bromophenol blue indicator was proposed. The end point was detected visually. This method allows taking into account the additive contributions of quaternary ammonium compounds in PHMG titration results. In this case, the titration at all stages of the determination of PHMG is conducted with sodium dodecy sulfate solutions with the same concentrations and the same weighed portions of sample are taking. Other disinfectants, namely hydrogen peroxide, alcohols, primary, secondary, tertiary amines, including N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecylamine present in the solution do not interfere with the identification of PHMG.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π±ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°-Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° (10-15 ΠΌΠΈΠ½) ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²
Alterations of functional brain connectivity after long-duration spaceflight as revealed by fMRI
The present study reports alterations of task-based functional brain connectivity in a group of 11 cosmonauts after a long-duration spaceflight, compared to a healthy control group not involved in the space program. To elicit the postural and locomotor sensorimotor mechanisms that are usually most significantly impaired when space travelers return to Earth, a plantar stimulation paradigm was used in a block design fMRI study. The motor control system activated by the plantar stimulation involved the pre-central and post-central gyri, SMA, SII/operculum, and, to a lesser degree, the insular cortex and cerebellum. While no post-flight alterations were observed in terms of activation, the network-based statistics approach revealed task-specific functional connectivity modifications within a broader set of regions involving the activation sites along with other parts of the sensorimotor neural network and the visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems. The most notable findings included a post-flight increase in the stimulation-specific connectivity of the right posterior supramarginal gyrus with the rest of the brain; a strengthening of connections between the left and right insulae; decreased connectivity of the vestibular nuclei, right inferior parietal cortex (BA40) and cerebellum with areas associated with motor, visual, vestibular, and proprioception functions; and decreased coupling of the cerebellum with the visual cortex and the right inferior parietal cortex. The severity of space motion sickness symptoms was found to correlate with a post-to pre-flight difference in connectivity between the right supramarginal gyrus and the left anterior insula. Due to the complex nature and rapid dynamics of adaptation to gravity alterations, the post-flight findings might be attributed to both the long-term microgravity exposure and to the readaptation to Earth's gravity that took place between the landing and post-flight MRI session. Nevertheless, the results have implications for the multisensory reweighting and gravitational motor system theories, generating hypotheses to be tested in future research