Multiple metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease after a twin pregnancy with complete hydatidiform mole and coexisting fetus, following assisted reproductive technology: Case report and literature review

Objective: Twin pregnancy with complete hydatidiform mole and coexisting fetus (CHMCF) is rare and associated with severe complications during pregnancy and subsequent gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). We encountered a case of multiple metastatic GTD after a twin pregnancy with CHMCF, following conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF). Only one case of metastatic GTD after CHMCF due to assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been reported. Here, we present the clinical course and reveal the clinical features of CHMCF after ART through a literature review. Case report: A 42-year-old primigravida woman had an abnormal pregnancy (i.e., CHMCF) by IVF. She had persisting severe vaginal bleeding, which led to termination of her pregnancy at 10 weeks of gestation. Pathohistological examination revealed that this was a case of CHMCF. Five weeks after the termination, the serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin level was still extremely high, and systemic contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a tumor in the uterine corpus and more than 30 lung nodules. After 11 cycles of combination chemotherapy with etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin-D, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine (EMA/CO) to treat high-risk GTD, hysterectomy was needed as radical therapy. Conclusion: Cases of CHMCF following ART may also have higher malignant potential and higher risk of GTD development and become more aggressive biologically. The clinical course of CHMCF after ART seems to be almost the same as that without ART based on the results of literature review. Keywords: Assisted reproductive technologies, Complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a fetus, EMA/CO, Gestational trophoblastic disease, In vitro fertilizatio

Extracellular matrix of the human cyclic corpus luteum

Extracellular matrix regulates many cellular processes likely to be important for development and regression of corpora lutea. Therefore, we identified the types and components of the extracellular matrix of the human corpus luteum at different stages of the menstrual cycle. Two different types of extracellular matrix were identified by electron microscopy; subendothelial basal laminas and an interstitial matrix located as aggregates at irregular intervals between the non-vascular cells. No basal laminas were associated with luteal cells. At all stages, collagen type IV α1 and laminins α5, β2 and γ1 were localized by immunohistochemistry to subendothelial basal laminas, and collagen type IV α1 and laminins α2, α5, β1 and β2 localized in the interstitial matrix. Laminin α4 and β1 chains occurred in the subendothelial basal lamina from mid-luteal stage to regression; at earlier stages, a punctate pattern of staining was observed. Therefore, human luteal subendothelial basal laminas potentially contain laminin 11 during early luteal development and, additionally, laminins 8, 9 and 10 at the mid-luteal phase. Laminin α1 and α3 chains were not detected in corpora lutea. Versican localized to the connective tissue extremities of the corpus luteum. Thus, during the formation of the human corpus luteum, remodelling of extracellular matrix does not result in basal laminas as present in the adrenal cortex or ovarian follicle. Instead, novel aggregates of interstitial matrix of collagen and laminin are deposited within the luteal parenchyma, and it remains to be seen whether this matrix is important for maintaining the luteal cell phenotype

Epidemiology of Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest at School ― An Investigation of a Nationwide Registry in Japan ―

Kosuke Kiyohara, Junya Sado, Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Mamoru Ayusawa, Masahiko Nitta, Taku Iwami, Ken Nakata, Yasuto Sato, Noriko Kojimahara, Naohito Yamaguchi, Tomotaka Sobue, Yuri Kitamura, for the SPIRITS Investigators, Epidemiology of Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest at School　― An Investigation of a Nationwide Registry in Japan ―, Circulation Journal, 2018, Volume 82, Issue 4, Pages 1026-1032, Released March 23, 2018, [Advance publication] Released February 15, 2018, Online ISSN 1347-4820, Print ISSN 1346-9843, https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-17-1237, https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/82/4/82_CJ-17-1237/_article/-char/e