Sistema de gestión integrado y su influencia en la rentabilidad de las empresas aduaneras, Callao 2018

El actual trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo general demostrar la influencia de un sistema de gestión integrado en la rentabilidad de las empresas aduaneras Callao 2018. El enfoque de esta investigación fue cuantitativo, de tipo aplicada, y diseño no experimental transversal. Como instrumento de medición se realizó un cuestionario, el cual fue elaborado por 16 preguntas en escala de Likert, posteriormente, se procedió a analizarlo mediante el software estadístico SPSS, Statistic Visor versión 20.0 para Windows, logrando medir el nivel de confiabilidad de las preguntas a través del Alfa de Cronbach. Asimismo, se utilizó la prueba estadística de Pearson, para saber el porcentaje de influencia de la variable independiente sobre la variable dependiente y luego se aplico la prueba de anova. Finalmente, se concluyó la investigación obteniendo resultados significativos que demostraron que un sistema de gestión integrado influye en un 73.7% en la rentabilidad de las empresas aduaneras Callao 2018

Quince años del arribo del escarabajo coprófago Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) a Colombia: proceso de invasión y posibles efectos de su establecimiento

The dung beetle (Digitonthophagus gazella) has been introduced in different regions around the world with the purpose of contributing in dung removal and parasite control. This species has shown a high mobility rate and is recorded nowadays in the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, several Caribbean islands, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay. In Colombia it was reported for the first time in San Andres Island in 1995 and in 2004 in the continental area. Since then, studies have been carried out in the Caribbean and Orinoquia regions, and Cauca, and Magdalena river valleys, to establish its dispersal process and to determine possible effects on native populations. The historic process of introduction and establishment is described. It is confirmed an increase in the distribution pattern and establishment of this species, and in addition, its effect on local populations is discussed, where a decrease in the abundance of native species have been registered. It is necessary to develop monitoring plans in the medium term in order to find control mechanisms.El escarabajo coprófago (Digitonthophagus gazella), ha sido introducido en diferentes regiones del mundo con el fin de contribuir en la remoción del excremento y control de parásitos. Esta especie ha evidenciado una alta tasa de movilidad y se registra actualmente en Estados Unidos, México, Guatemala, Nicaragua, varias islas del Caribe, Colombia, Venezuela, Brasil, Perú, Bolivia, Argentina y Paraguay. En Colombia en 1995 se reportó por primera vez en la isla de San Andrés y en 2004 en el territorio continental. Desde entonces se han realizado estudios en la región del Caribe, Orinoquia, valles de los ríos Cauca y Magdalena, con el fin de establecer su proceso de dispersión y dimensionar los posibles efectos sobre las poblaciones nativas. Se describe el proceso histórico de introducción y establecimiento, se evidencia un incremento en la distribución y proceso de invasión de esta especie y se discute su efecto sobre poblaciones locales donde se han registrado disminuciones en las abundancias de las especies nativas. Es necesario generar planes de monitoreo a mediano plazo con el fin de encontrar mecanismos de control

Factores asociados a un mayor grado de incapacidad por acúfenos en pacientes del servicio de Otorrinolaringología de una Clínica en Lima

The goal of this investigation was to determine the factors associated with a higher degree of disability due to tinnitus in patients of the otorhinolaryngology service in a clinic in Lima-Peru. The sample consisted of 100 patients who reported suffering from tinnitus, to whom the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire was applied. For the comparative analysis, either the Chi-Square or the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. To determine the association between the study variables, Poisson regression models were used, with 95% confidence intervals. Of the participants, 94% exhibited some degree of disability due to tinnitus. For 40% of the patients the disability was found to be severe. For every subsequent year of age, the probability of suffering from severe disability due to tinnitus increases by 7%, while being hypertensive and having depression increased this probability by 8 and 4.8 times, respectively. In conclusion, age, hypertension and depression are factors associated with a higher degree of disability due to tinnitus.El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los factores asociados a un mayor grado de incapacidad por acúfenos en pacientes del servicio de Otorrinolaringología en una clínica de Lima-Perú.  La muestra estuvo conformada por 100 pacientes que manifestaron sufrir de acufenos, a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Para el análisis comparativo se usó el test de Chi-Square o Kruskal-Wallis. Para determinar la asociación entre las variables de estudio se usaron modelos de regresión de Poisson, con intervalos de confianza al 95%. El 94% de los participantes presentaron algún grado de incapacidad por acufenos, 40% de grado severo. Por cada año cumplido aumenta 7% la probabilidad de padecer incapacidad grave por acufenos, mientras que ser hipertenso y tener depresión aumentan esta probabilidad a 8 y 4.8 veces respectivamente. En conclusión, la edad, la Hipertensión y la depresión son factores asociados a un mayor grado de incapacidad por acúfenos

PREVALENCE OF PULPOTOMY AND PULPECTOMY TREATMENTS IN CLÍNICAS INTEGRALES DEL NIÑO AT SANTO TOMAS UNIVERSITY BETWEEN 2007 - 2011

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de tratamientos de pulpotomía y pulpectomía registrados en las historias clínicas de las Clínicas Integrales del Niño I, II y III de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Santo Tomás en Bucaramanga, en el periodo entre 2007 a 2011.Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de corte transversal, se evaluaron 3396 Historias Clínicas (HC) y se incluyeron aquellas con registros de tratamientos pulpares (pulpotomía, pulpectomía) en dientes deciduos verificados con la radiografía final. Entre las variables analizadas estaban la edad, género, municipio de residencia, diagnóstico relacionado con el tratamiento y año de realización. Se obtuvieron proporciones para las variables cualitativas, y medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para las cuantitativas. En el análisis bivariado se realizó la prueba de Chi2 o test Exacto de Fisher. Se consideró un valor de p ≤ a 0,05 como estadísticamente significativo.Resultados: se obtuvieron 2697 HC de las 3396. De estas, 751 (27,8%) tenían registrado algún tipo de tratamiento pulpar, sin embargo, sólo 425 (56,6%) presentaban radiografía final. Seiscientos cuarenta y nueve dientes presentaron terapia pulpar, 497 (76,6%) presentaron pulpotomía y 152 (23,4%) pulpectomía; el molar con mayor número de tratamientos fue el primer molar inferior con 233 (63,6%) tratamientos.Conclusión: la prevalencia de HC con radiografía final de tratamiento en las Clínicas Integrales del Niño I, II y III fue 16,1% en el periodo entre 2007 al 2011. La caries dental fue el diagnóstico más registrado previo al tratamiento pulpar. En el año 2009 se observó un aumento en la realización de tratamientos pulpares.[Noriega XJ, Rodríguez MJ, Cáceres C. Prevalencia de tratamientos de pulpotomía y pulpectomía en las Clínica Integrales del Niño en la Universidad Santo Tomás entre 2007 a 2011. Ustasalud 2013; 12: 33 - 40]Objective: to establish the prevalence of pulpotomy and pulpectomy treatments recorded in the medical records of the Clínicas Integrales del Niño I, II and III of the Faculty of Dentistry at Santo Tomas University in Bucaramanga, in the period from 2007 to 2011.Methods: a retrospective cross-sectional study was done with 3396 dental records. Those records with pulp treatments (pulpotomy, pulpectomy) in primary teeth with the final radiograph were included. Among the variables analyzed were type of pulp treatment, age, gender, county of residence, treatment-related diagnostic and year of completion. Proportions for qualitative variables, means and dispersion measures for quantitative ones were obtained. In bivariate analysis Chi2 test or Fisher exact test was performed. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 2697 dental records were evaluated because 669 were not available. Of these, 751 (27.8%) had registered some type of pulp treatment, however, only 425 (56.6%) had final radiograph. Six hundred forty-nine teeth had pulp therapy, 497 (76.6%) had pulpotomy and 152 (23.4%) pulpectomy, the first lower molar was the one with the highest number of treatments with 233 (63.6% ).Conclusion: the prevalence of pulpar treatment in primary dentition in the Clínicas Integrales del Niño I, II and III was 16.1% in the period 2007 to 2011. Dental caries was the more frequent diagnosis related to pulp treatment. In 2009, it was an increase in the performance of pulp treatments

El Impacto de la implementación de un departamento de auditoria interna y su efecto en la rentabilidad de la empresa Disposed Courier SAC, Callao, 2017

La investigación desarrollada está referida a la necesidad de implementar un departamento de auditoría interna con la finalidad de optimizar o mejorar la rentabilidad de la empresa Disposed Courier SAC, las empresas buscan en cuestión de mecanismos, tener un mejor control sobre los procedimientos y operaciones que realiza para si evitar y/o minimizar posibles riesgos o perdidas que se puedan ocasionar en un futuro. Por ello la presente investigación desarrollada tuvo como objetivo: determinar el impacto de la implementación de un departamento de auditoria interna y su efecto en la rentabilidad económica en la empresa Disposed Courier S.A.C. Asimismo, la tesis es de tipo aplicada, pues se utilizó los conocimientos adquiridos y luego de analizar esta información teórica se aplicó un instrumento (encuesta) a una muestra de 43 encuestados a fin de obtener información directa sobre estos; dichos datos fueron ingresados y procesados estadísticamente en el programa IBM SPSS Statistics y así poder analizar la información en los resultados. Finalmente, luego de un análisis de los resultados se pudo concluir que efectivamente la implantación de un departamento auditoría interna influye en la rentabilidad de la empresa Disposed Courier SA

Cultivando la educación agroecológica: el huerto colectivo urbano como espacio educativo

The current planetary socioecological crisis and the growing urbanization of human life are interdependent phenomena that impel education to rethink its objectives and processes. The notion of "sustainability" provides a broad framework of construction for activities in teaching, research, and outreach programs. Among the proposals aimed at promoting sustainability, agroecology stands out as a set of integrating practices and theories capable of transforming the productive, sociopolitical, economic, and cultural relations of the food system. Our objective in this article is to present the contributions of urban agroecology and to analyze its connection with education. Following this purpose, we share the experience of Huerto UV, an agroecological education project developed by students and researchers at Universidad Veracruzana, in association with inhabitants of the city of Xalapa, Veracruz.La actual crisis socioecológica planetaria y la creciente urbanización de la vida humana son fenómenos interdependientes que incitan a la educación a repensar sus objetivos y procesos. La noción de "sustentabilidad" provee un amplio marco en construcción para actividades docentes, de investigación y vinculación. Entre otras propuestas orientadas a promover la sustentabilidad, la agroecología se destaca como un conjunto de teorías y prácticas integradoras, capaz de transformar las relaciones productivas, sociopolíticas, económicas y culturales del sistema alimentario. Nuestro objetivo en este artículo es presentar las contribuciones de la agroecología urbana y analizar su conexión con la educación, compartiendo para ello la experiencia de Huerto UV, un proyecto de educación agroecológica desarrollado por estudiantes y profesores de la Universidad Veracruzana en vinculación con habitantes la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, México

Efeito da sedação do midazolam, quetamina e butorfanol nos valores do ultrassom com Doppler espectral na artéria femoral e grandes artérias abdominais de gatos

Real time information about direction and type of blood flow can be obtained with Doppler ultrasound. In the literature it was not found data obtained with this method from celiac and cranial mesenteric artery in cats. Moreover, sedation of the animal is occasionally necessary to obtain more information on any blood vessel using this method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quantitative aspects of spectral waves formed from blood flow of the celiac, cranial mesenteric, renal, external iliac, femoral, and aortic arteries in healthy cats, and to compare them with the same animals when subjected to midazolam, ketamine, and butorphanol sedation. We also measured the heart rate. Twenty healthy adult cats were evaluated. The values obtained for resistivity index and pulsatility index from the celiac artery were 0.62 ± 0.10 and 1.29 ± 0.55, and those from the mesenteric artery were 0.68 ± 0.09 and 1.37 ± 0.39, respectively. Although heart rate was higher in sedated animals, no significant statistical difference was found in case of other parameters, except celiac artery end diastolic velocity and time averaged mean velocity and iliac artery resistivity and pulsatility index. Thus, we provide the Doppler velocimetry parameter from celiac and mesenteric arteries and conclude that this protocol does not alter the values of Doppler ultrasound in the selected vessels, except the celiac and iliac arteries.Informações em tempo real da direção e tipo de fluxo sanguíneo podem ser obtidas com ultrassonografia com Doppler. Existe na literatura dados relativos a esses parâmetros, em gatos não sedados, obtidos das artérias: aorta, renal, ilíaca e femoral; no entanto não foram encontrados na literatura dados relativos às artérias celíaca e mesentérica cranial. Além disso, ocasionalmente há necessidade de sedar animais inquietos ou agressivos, para que seja possível a realização deste exame. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos quantitativos da onda espectral formada pelo fluxo sanguíneo das artérias: celíaca, mesentérica cranial, renal, ilíaca externa, femoral e aorta abdominal de gatos hígidos e compará-los aos obtidos dos mesmos animais submetidos à sedação com midazolam, cetamina e butorfanol. A frequência cardíaca também foi mensurada. Foram avaliados 20 gatos SRD adultos e saudáveis. Os valores encontrados em animais não sedados na artéria celíaca de índice de resistividade foi 0,62 ± 0,10 e índice de pulsatilidade 1,29 ± 0,55, enquanto da artéria mesentérica cranial, 0,68 ± 0,11 e 1,37 ± 0,39, respectivamente. Apesar da frequência cardíaca mais elevada nos animais sedados, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas dentre os demais parâmetros avaliados, exceto na velocidade diastólica final e velocidade média da artéria celíaca, e índice de resistividade e de pulsatilidade da artéria ilíaca. Dessa forma, foram fornecidos parâmetros dopplervelocimétricos da artéria celíaca e mesentérica cranial e conclui-se que o protocolo utilizado não alterou os valores encontrados por ultrassonografia Doppler nos vasos selecionados, exceto da artéria celíaca e da ilíaca

Sedation Effect of Acepromazine and Butorphanol in Dopplervelocimetric Parameters in Great Abdominal Arteries and Femoral Artery in Dogs

Background: Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that allows vascular anatomical and dynamics evaluation. Each artery has flow velocity profiles and different Doppler spectrum. The purpose of this study was to determine if sedation with acepromazine and butorphanol in dogs alters Doppler velocimetric values and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries of healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy female dogs, aged 1 to 5 years, with body weight ranging from 10 to 25 kg, were evaluated with Doppler ultrasound in order to obtain: peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, time average medium velocity, time average maximum velocity, resistive index, pulsatility index, and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries. The same animals were sedated with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and buthorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) and the same parameters were reevaluated. The heart rate was also measured. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of UFRGS, under the 25552 protocol, and the owners signed an informed consent form. Statistical analysis was performed with pared t test.The heart rate was statistically significant different, 98 ± 20.13 bpm before and 79 ± 17.74 after sedation. The exam was done before and after sedation in all selected vessels, except the celiac and cranial mesenteric artery, which were possible only in 35% and 45% respectively. All measured arteries exhibit difference in at least two of the analyzed parameters, except femoral artery, that only diameter was different.Discussion: Each vessel was selected because of its importance, and each of them has its own characteristic waveform. Changes in patterns of flow velocity of the celiac artery and mesenteric can help to determine the physiological condition of the gastrointestinal tract; in the case of renal arteries are associated with diseases involving parenchyma and; thrombosis in the aorta and the iliac and femoral arteries may be difficult to evaluate without the Doppler image. Examination of the AC and AMC before and after sedation not could be performed in all animals, maybe because the present work was carried out with only fasting requirement, without using dimethicone, and one of the difficulties encountered was the presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract. Another factor that may have contributed to these findings is that the acute stress of containment and other environmental factors can cause release of vasopressin and leads to vasoconstriction of the splanchnic vascular bed. The dopplervelocimetric data found in celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal and femoral arteries in non-sedated animals was similar to what was described by other authors. Although all dogs demonstrated relaxation during the exam, this sedation protocol alters the values found with Doppler ultrasound in the selected vessels, except femoral artery, which caused only increase of diameter. The Doppler differences found can be a consequence of a decrease in heart rate associated with longer cycle length, and therefore, larger diastolic volume with vessels that stayed with same diameter, or in case of caudal abdominal aorta, that reduced the diameter. This study compared the dopplervelocimetric values to the ones described by other authors in non-sedated animals and demonstrated that although acepromazine and buthorphanol are a good option to sedate dogs to perform ultrasound exam, they alter the Doppler values from aorta abdominal, celiac, cranial mesenteric, renal, external iliac arteries and the femoral artery diameter

An international laboratory comparison of dissolved organic matter composition by high resolution mass spectrometry: Are we getting the same answer?

High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a vital tool for dissolved organic matter (DOM) characterization. The upward trend in HRMS analysis of DOM presents challenges in data comparison and interpretation among laboratories operating instruments with differing performance and user operating conditions. It is therefore essential that the community establishes metric ranges and compositional trends for data comparison with reference samples so that data can be robustly compared among research groups. To this end, four identically prepared DOM samples were each measured by 16 laboratories, using 17 commercially purchased instruments, using positive-ion and negative-ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI) HRMS analyses. The instruments identified ~1000 common ions in both negative- and positive-ion modes over a wide range of m/z values and chemical space, as determined by van Krevelen diagrams. Calculated metrics of abundance-weighted average indices (H/C, O/C, aromaticity, and m/z) of the commonly detected ions showed that hydrogen saturation and aromaticity were consistent for each reference sample across the instruments, while average mass and oxygenation were more affected by differences in instrument type and settings. In this paper we present 32 metric values for future benchmarking. The metric values were obtained for the four different parameters from four samples in two ionization modes and can be used in future work to evaluate the performance of HRMS instruments