Wirksamkeit stationärer psychodynamischer Psychotherapie bei Depressionen

Background The effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy on clinical outcome variables, such as depressive symptom load is proven; however, there is still a lack of studies documenting the effectiveness of psychodynamic clinical inpatient treatment on psychodynamically relevant outcome measures. Method Within a naturalistic multicenter study "Inpatient psychodynamic oriented psychotherapy of depressive disorders (STOP-D)" the effectiveness of psychodynamic inpatient psychotherapy on the adaptivity of defence organization (inventory of personality organization, IPO) and the personality structural resources to handle conflicts (Heidelberg restructuring scale, HUS) was analyzed. Female inpatients with depressive symptoms from 15 psychosomatic hospital units were included in the study. The mean treatment duration was 61.8 days. Data acquisition was implemented at admission (T1;n & x202f;= 474), discharge (T2;n & x202f;= 432) and a 6-month follow-up after discharge (T3;n & x202f;= 286). Results There are indications of the effectiveness on the psychodynamically relevant outcome variables investigated. In addition to the known clear improvement of clinical symptom load, low-grade to high-grade effect sizes on psychodynamic core variables also became apparent. The alterations remained stable at the catamnesis. Conclusion The effectiveness of psychodynamic inpatient psychotherapy on the typical depressive symptom load seems to be associated with a long-lasting increase of structural resources of personality and might facilitate a more adaptive coping of imminent conflicts and stresses even after discharge

European private law

Lawyers around the world roughly agree on the meaning of private law. Whatever their national origins, they will point to contract and tort and identify their roots in the national private law order. Understanding European private law requires clarification of each of the three composite elements which includes Europe is not a state but a quasi-state with a multilevel governance structure, the law is not only private but also has a strong regulatory (public) dimension and law cannot be equated with codified law but has a multifaceted character-ranging from private regulation within a public regulatory frame to contract governance and self-regulation. Constitutionalization of private law through the increasing use of fundamental rights and human rights ranks high on the political, judicial, and academic agendas. The Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) is designed to operate in a framework based on conventional actors: individual private parties, judges, and the legislator