38 research outputs found

    Interactions between sponges and marine bacteria as a route to the discovery of novel bioactive compounds

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    Characterization of molting stages in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii using setagenesis of pleopod

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    This paper characterizes the molting stages of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii under laboratory conditions. Using the distal fifth pleopod as the main reference region and applying Drach’s classification system, we checked the epidermis and carapace hardness and documented major structural changes, such as the retraction of epidermal tissues from the cuticle and setal development. Our findings showed that in early postmolt, no development of seta matrix was observed. A closer examination of seta lumen during the intermolt stage showed that the epidermis was a densely granular structure and the internal cone was developed. In the premolt stage, a retraction of the epidermis from the cuticle (apolysis) and the formation of new seta were recorded. This study shows that using internal seta development changes is apparently a useful, easy, and practical method of determining molting stage in order to facilitate the study of molt-linked processes and metabolism

    Lactic Acid Bacteria Producing Sorbic Acid and Benzoic Acid Compounds from Fermented Durian Flesh (Tempoyak) and Their Antibacterial Activities Against Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

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    Background and Objective: Antibacterial compounds produced by lactic acid bacteria are believed to replace functions of chemical preservatives. The objectives of this study were to identify lactic acid bacteria, which produced antibacterial compounds, from fermented durian flesh (tempoyak) and to assess antibacterial activities of the isolates. Material and Methods: Two bacterial identification techniques were used, including API 50 CHL kit with supplementary medium and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Results and Conclusion: Four various lactic acid bacteria strains of Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis I and Lactobacillus acidophilus I were identified using API 50 CHL Kit and five various others of Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 2649, Lactobacillus buchneri DSM 20057T, Lactobacillus parabuchneri DSM 57069, Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 20020 and Lactobacillus farcimini CIP 103136T using MALDI-TOF/MS. Cell-free supernatant extracted from Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus brevis I and Lactobacillus acidophilus I included strong inhibitory effects against Vibrio cholera O1 (Inaba type), Vibrio cholera O139 (Bengal type), Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, Escherichia coli ATCC 11795, Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and a total of 23 serotypes of Salmonella spp. associated with outbreaks of food poisoning from raw chicken, egg shell and water samples. Only Lactobacillus buchneri DSM 20057T was identified by MALDI-TOF/MS as a strain producing sorbic and benzoic acids. This strain can potentially be used as food preservative to decrease growth of foodborne pathogenic bacteria

    IN VITRO ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITIES OF INDONESIAN MARINE SPONGE AAPTOS AAPTOS AND CALLYSPONGIA PSEUDORETICULATA EXTRACTS AND THEIR TOXICITY AGAINST Vibrio spp.

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    Vibriosis is one of diseases which often results in mass mortality of Penaeus monodon larval rearing systems. It attacks shrimp of all stages in zoea, mysis and shrimp postlarva stage. This disease is caused by Vibrio spp, particularly Vibrio harveyi (a luminescent bacterium). Several kinds of antibiotics and chemical material have been used to overcome the disease but they have side effects to environment and human. The searching of bioactive compounds as an alternative treatment has been done for multi purposes. In this study diethyl eter, butanol and aqueous extract of Indonesian sponges Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata were tested for in vitro activity against Vibrio spp. and Vibrio harveyi by using disc diffusion method. The result showed that all extracts of Aaptos aaptos gave a positive antibacterial activity towards those pathogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, only butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata obtained to exhibit an antibacterial activity on those pathogenic bacteria. The strong anti-vibrio activity were shown by butanol and aqueous extract of Aaptos aaptos with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.313 and 0.625 mg/mL, respectively. Whilst, the butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata indicated a low antibacterial activity with the MIC value of 10 mg/mL. Toxicity of those active extracts was evaluated by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). Interestingly, butanol and aqueous extracts of Aaptos aaptos did not show any toxic effect in Artemia salina larvae up to 8 x MIC (2.504 mg/mL and 5.000 mg/mL). It is the first report for the anti-vibr io activity of both Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata. This results suggest that Aaptos aaptos has a potential to be used as a source of alternative compound to vibriosis prevention for mariculture

    The potential of bioflocculant-producing bacteria as inoculum for biofloc based systems

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    Aim: Biological flocculants has been widely used around the world to replace the usage of synthetic flocculants for wastewater treatment.Anew green technology using biological flocculant known as biofloc system was developed which offers zero water exchanged, low feed conversion ratio (FCR) and high nutritional profile. This study was conducted to determine the most potential bioflocculant-producing bacteria isolated from biofloc sampleinPacific Whiteleg shrimp,P. vannameiculture pond. Methodology: Biofloc sample was collected using Imhoff cone and bacteria was isolated. The most abundant bacteria isolated throughout P. vannamei culture period was selected for screening of bioflocculant-producing bacteria usingYPG medium and flocculation activity using floc-jar test. Results: Screening of bioflocculant-producing bacteria showed that B. infantis, N. aquimarinus, B. cereus, H. venusta, Pseudoalteromonas sp., and B. safensis were characterized as highly mucoid and ropy colony morpologies. The highest flocculation activity with 93% was showed by B. infantis followed by N. aquimarinus (91%), B. cereus (87%), H. venusta (79%), Pseudoalteromonas (78%), while the lowest flocculation activity was showed byB. safensiswith 69%. Interpretation: As bacteria grew, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced were involved in flocculation process. Each bacteria produced different EPS composition which differed their ability in flocculation process. Therefore, bacteria with high flocculation activity are potentially used as inoculum to increase flocculation processinbiofloc production

    Mitochondrial DNA sequence of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas

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    This paper reports on the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of a horseshoe crab, Tachypleus gigas (T. gigas), in Kuala Kemaman, Terengganu, Malaysia. Whole-genome sequencing of hemocyte DNA was performed with Illumina HiSeq system and the generated reads were de novo assembled with ABySS 2.1.5 and reassembled using mitoZ against Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and Limulus polyphemus, resulting in a contig of 15 Kb. Phylogenetic analysis of the assembled mt genome suggests that the Tachypleus gigas is closely related to Tachypleus tridentatus than to Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda

    Peptide-Based Vaccine against Breast Cancer: Recent Advances and Prospects

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    Breast cancer is considered the second-leading cancer after lung cancer and is the most prevalent cancer among women globally. Currently, cancer immunotherapy via vaccine has gained great attention due to specific and targeted immune cell activity that creates a potent immune response, thus providing long-lasting protection against the disease. Despite peptides being very susceptible to enzymatic degradation and poor immunogenicity, they can be easily customized with selected epitopes to induce a specific immune response and particulate with carriers to improve their delivery and thus overcome their weaknesses. With advances in nanotechnology, the peptide-based vaccine could incorporate other components, thereby modulating the immune system response against breast cancer. Considering that peptide-based vaccines seem to show remarkably promising outcomes against cancer, this review focuses on and provides a specific view of peptide-based vaccines used against breast cancer. Here, we discuss the benefits associated with a peptide-based vaccine, which can be a mainstay in the prevention and recurrence of breast cancer. Additionally, we also report the results of recent trials as well as plausible prospects for nanotechnology against breast cancer

    Degradation of diesel oil by soil bacteria in shake flask system using food waste amendments

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    Diesel oil contains compounds that can cause harm to humans and the environment. Hence, biodegradation method is an alternative way to reduce the pollution caused by diesel oil. The aim of this study is to determine the diesel oil degradation by soil bacteria amended with food wastes in the flasks system. It also aims to determine the food wastes such as sugarcane bagasse and fishbone to enhance the biodegradation of diesel oil. The degradation analysis was performed in an enrichment culture flask containing soil, diesel oil with the addition of food waste. The degradation analysis was carried out for 42 days at 30°C at 150 rpm. The bacteria was isolated and identified based on colony morphology and biochemical tests. Five potential diesel oil-degrading bacteria were preliminary identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella species, Shewanella putrefaciens and Bacillus cereus. Diesel oil degradation compound was analyzed using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry. Four compounds namely styrene, ethanol, 2-butoxy, benzene, 1-ethyl-2, 3-dimethyl and benzene 1-ethyl-2, 3-dimethyl showed degradation by bacteria amended with food wastes. The results of this study demonstrate the potential use of food wastes such as sugarcane bagasse and fish bone as substrates for enhancing the remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil

    Structural, density functional computational studies and antibacterial screening on N,N′-bis-(4-hydroxy-α-methylsalicylidene)ethylenediamine nickel (II) complex

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    The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies and gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) 1H NMR chemical shift values of the title molecule, N,N′-bis-(4-hydroxy-α-methylsalicylidene)ethylenediamine nickel(II) complex, (C18H18N2NiO4) in the ground state have been calculated using density functional theory (DFT) method with general (GEN) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis set, respectively. The theoretical results were compared with the experimental data. Calculated results show that DFT can well reproduce the structure of the title compound. The theoretical vibrational frequency and 1H NMR chemical shift values show good agreement with experimental data. In addition, by using time dependent (TD)-DFT method, a good agreement between the predicted electronic absorption and experimental values are observed
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