Establishment of FTIR Database of Roselle Raw Material Originated From Western Coastline in Peninsular Malaysia

Herbs from different geographical regions may differ qualitatively and quantitatively, hence it is crucial to determine the active components of herbs from different regions and build a reference database. This study focused on the database establishment for the authentication of the raw material of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) collected at seven selected locations of the western coastline in Peninsular Malaysia. The validation on the unknown sample at the end of the study is to verify the accuracy of the established database. The inter-material distance (IMD) was presented as the mean distance of each sphere created by each batch of data from different locations. They were clustered with different folders and discriminated by Soft independent modelling by class analogy (SIMCA) algorithm. All materials from seven farms achieved 100% separation rate. The average IMD of these seven locations was 9.04. The FTIR techniques established in this study can be used to distinguish the geographical origin of the selected H. sabdariffa farm samples

Bis(N-benzyl-N-isopropyl­dithio­carbamato-κS)di-n-butyl­tin(IV)

The Sn atom in the title compound, [Sn(C4H9)2(C11H14NS2)2], exists in a tetra­hedral C2S2Sn coordination geometry. The geometry is distorted towards skew-trapezoidal-bipyramidal owing to the proximity of the double-bonded S atoms. The C2Sn angles range from 129.0 (2) to 136.9 (2)°, the covalent Sn—S lengths from 2.529 (1) to 2.544 (1) Å, and the dative Sn←S lengths from 2.831 (1) to 3.042 (1) Å in the five independent mol­ecules comprising the asymmetric unit. Two of the butyl groups were modelled over two positions of equal occupancy. All butyl groups were refined with distance restraints

Determination of anthocyanin content in two varieties of Hibiscus Sabdariffa from Selangor, Malaysia using a combination of chromatography and spectroscopy

The calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa have been used by many communities as herbal tea. Their anthocyanin contents have been reported as the key component in anti-obesity studies. This present work reported results of anthocyanin content of calyces in two varieties of H. sabdariffa collected from Sabak Bernam, Selangor, Malaysia. The samples have been authenticated in the Herbarium, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia prior to the study. The samples were processed and the ground dry raw material and its aqueous extract were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Two-Dimensional Infrared (2DIR). The short hybrid calyces (FT11-15A) raw material spectrum showed more than 80% similarity with long wild variety calyces (FT11-15B) when using “Compare” in analysis. The differences of both samples were obviously shown in their aqueous extract spectra. The peak at 1672 cm-1 and 841 cm-1 showed that tri-substituted double bond in FT11-15B aqueous extract was not present in FT11-15A aqueous extract spectra, whereby a double peak was assigned at 1221 cm-1 referred to anti symmetry stretching of aromatic and vinyl =C-O-C- with other =C-O- and 1192 cm-1 is assigned In-plane δ C-H in FT11-15A aqueous extract. The peak at 1071 cm-1 assigned as bonding C-H in plane bending of phenyl of both samples was the only peak comparable with standard delphinidin and cyanidin which are used for qualification and quantification of sample content. Aqueous extract spectra of both samples showed higher number of peaks detected compared with raw material spectra, which was attributed to the higher solubility of anthocyanins in water. The 2DIR correlation spectroscopy is advantageous in enhancing the qualitative analysis of herbal products. The anthocyanin content in both varieties of H. sabdariffa in descending amount is delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (DS), cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (CS), delphenidin-3-O-glucoside (DG) and lastly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (CG). FT11-15A has more content of DS and DG of raw material and CG of water extract plus TFA than FT11-15B, whereby, FT11-15B has more content of CS, CG of raw material and DS, DG, CS of water extract plus TFA than FT11-15A

Data on LC–MS profile of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. and the NMR data of its major indole alkaloids

This article presents two types of phytochemical data obtained from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. roots, a medicinal plant belonging to the Simaroubaceae family. The high-resolution LC–MS dataset comprised the chemical profile of dichloromethane extract, which was utilised to annotate 35 chemical constituents. For annotations, the measured spectral data were compared with the in-silico spectral data generated from 920 molecular structures previously reported in Simaroubaceae. Indole alkaloids, quassinoids, aliphatics and lignan were the chemical groups identified in the root extract. The second dataset provides NMR spectra (1H, 13C, COSY, HMQC and HMBC) for the six indole alkaloids previously detected in LC–MS analysis and isolated through centrifugal partition chromatography. The chemical structures of all compounds were confirmed based on NMR data as bruceolline J (compound 7), canthin-6-one-N-oxide (compound 10), bruceolline E (compound 15), 5-methoxycanthin-6-one (compound 16), canthin-6-one (compound 20), and 1‑hydroxy-11-methoxycanthin-6-one (compound 22). This phytochemical data was generated to support an ongoing anti-cancer and anti-dengue study

Analysis of Flavone C

Clinacanthus nutans (family Acanthaceae) has been used for the treatment of inflammation and herpes viral infection. Currently, there has not been any report on the qualitative and quantitative determination of the chemical markers in the leaves of C. nutans. The C-glycosidic flavones such as shaftoside, isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin have been found to be major flavonoids in the leaves of this plant. Therefore, we had developed a two-step method using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the rapid identification and quantification of the flavones C-glycosides in C. nutans leaves. The TLC separation of the chemical markers was achieved on silica gel 60 plate using ethyl acetate : formic acid : acetic acid : water (100 : 11 : 11 : 27 v/v/v/v) as the mobile phase. HPLC method was optimized and validated for the quantification of shaftoside, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin and was shown to be linear in concentration range tested (0.4–200 μg/mL, r2 ≥ 0.996), precise (RSD ≤ 4.54%), and accurate (95–105%). The concentration of shaftoside, orientin, vitexin, and isovitexin in C. nutans leave samples was 2.55–17.43, 0.00–0.86, 0.00–2.01, and 0.00–0.91 mmol/g, respectively