Commodity fetishism and objective reality in Sam Shepard’s Curse of the Starving Class

This article analyzes the class system in Sam Shepard’s Curse of the Starving Class. Class system is scrutinized in terms of the capitalist and proletariat forces in the play. The core argumentative theme emphasises the degenerating labour opportunities in the socio-economic life of American individuals. In essence, the study mainly focuses on the achievement of economic welfare in a poor-economic society. The loss of economic welfare is not sufficiently obtained by the main characters, especially Wesley and Ella who long for economic prosperity and stable social life. These characters do not achieve their aspiration and do not make progressive economic labour. Therefore, the study accentuates the way in which these characters lose their work opportunities. The analysis of this economic loss is done by applying two Marxist concepts, namely, commodity fetishism, and the objective reality of economic societies. Together, these concepts uncover the class struggle in Curse of the Starving Class

Commodity fetishism and objective reality in Sam Shepard's Curse of the Starving Class

This article analyzes the class system in Sam Shepard’s Curse of the Starving Class. Class system is scrutinized in terms of the capitalist and proletariat forces in the play. The core argumentative theme emphasises the degenerating labour opportunities in the socio-economic life of American individuals. In essence, the study mainly focuses on the achievement of economic welfare in a poor-economic society. The loss of economic welfare is not sufficiently obtained by the main characters, especially Wesley and Ella who long for economic prosperity and stable social life. These characters do not achieve their aspiration and do not make progressive economic labour. Therefore, the study accentuates the way in which these characters lose their work opportunities. The analysis of this economic loss is done by applying two Marxist concepts, namely, commodity fetishism, and the objective reality of economic societies. Together, these concepts uncover the class struggle in Curse of the Starving Class

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

A hybrid technique for approximating the solution of fractional order integro differential equations

In this article, we present an effective approach for solving nonlinear fractional order integro-differential equations. The fractional order derivative will be in the Caputo sense. For this, we propose an approach combined the least squares method together with the Laplace transform and the shifted Legendre polynomials. Using the proposed approach we will converts the nonlinear fractional order integro-differential equation into a se of (N+1) algebraic equations, where the solution to the resultant equation provides us with the unknown coefficients of the infinite series that have been used to approximate the solution to the considered fractional order integro-differential equations. From the results of the given examples, one can conclude that the recommended approach in this article is simple to implement and accurate