ソシキ リーダー ノ ノゾマシサ ト ジェンダー･バイアス ノ カンケイ : ダンジョベツ､カイソウベツ ノ ジェンダー･バイアス オ サグル

我が国では、女性管理職登用において先進国のなかで大きな後れをとっている。先進諸国の多くが３割を超えるのに対し、日本の女性管理職比率は2017年度時点で11.5％にとどまる。女性管理職育成を進める企業がぶつかる壁として、ジェンダー・バイアスが指摘されている。そこで、本研究では、組織リーダーに望まれるものと、成人男性・女性に望まれるものの関係を探ることで、ジェンダー・バイアスが女性管理職登用に与える影響を探る。大手企業25社に勤める2527名から得たアンケート回答を分析した結果、組織リーダーは望ましさの程度が似ている男性向きで、女性にはふさわしくないというジェンダー・バイアスが存在することが示唆された。さらに、ジェンダー・バイアスは、男性に比べ女性回答者により強い傾向がみられた。こうしたジェンダー・バイアスにより、女性が管理職になることをためらう、また組織内でも女性は登用にふさわしくないとみなされる可能性がある

Physiological Activities of Perilla Frutescens Var. Frutescens Leaf Extracts and Storage Stability in Kneaded Noodles

Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens) leaves were fractionated based on their chemical properties, and the physiological activities of the fractions were evaluated. The acidic fraction had high radical scavenging ability, whereas the superoxide dismutase-like activities of all fractions were low. A positive correlation was observed between scavenging activity and polyphenol content. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on a-amylase and on a-glucosidase activities were low, indicating a weak suppressive effect of the leaf extracts on diabetes. The acidic and phenolic fractions suppressed pancreatic lipase activity and accelerated lipid hydrolysis in adipocytes differentiated from 3T3-L1 cells. Flour noodles kneaded with leaf powder were prepared, and storage stability was examined. The functional compounds in the leaves were heat-sensitive in the flour noodles. We fractionated perilla leaves to isolate and identify valuable components to provide functionality to processed food and determined that some conditions, such as storage temperature, must be considered to effectively use the compounds

ダイガク ニオケル メディア リテラシー イクセイ ノ タメノ ジュギョウ ノ アリカタ : フェイク ニュース ガ マンエンスル ナカ､モトメラレル キョウイク オ サグル

2016年、アメリカ大統領選をきっかけにフェイクニュースの拡散が社会問題となっている。ソーシャル・ネットワーキング・サービス（SNS）の普及により、瞬時に偽情報が拡散されるようになったことが背景にある。メディア環境が大きく変わるなか、改めて大学においてメディアリテラシー教育を行う必要性が高まっている。SNSにより偽情報が広まる仕組みを知ること、また無意識のうちに自分にとって心地よい情報ばかりに囲まれている怖れがあることに気付きを促すことが大切である。そこでSNS時代のメディア理論を身につけたのちに、新聞を用いてニュースを読み解くリテラシーを高める教育を実践した。他メディアに比べ真偽チェックが厳しく行われる新聞を用いての学習が、ネット時代においても今なお有効であることがわかった

ホンコン デ ガイコクジン カジ ロウドウシャ オ ヤトウ ニホンジン カテイ ノ イシキ チョウサ

働く女性の支援を目的に、国家戦略特区で外国人家事労働者の受け入れを始めることが決まった。女性が仕事に加えて、家事・育児・介護といった家事労働の負担を負うことが、継続就業の妨げになっているという問題意識から、家事の外部化の選択肢を広げようというものだ。ところが日本では、家事アウトソーシングに対する抵抗感が大きく、利用が広がっていない。同時に価格が高くて手が届かないことが普及の壁となってきた。そこで、外国人家事労働者の受け入れを1973年から正式に始め、既に定着している香港で利用家庭に聞き取り調査を行うことで、日本での導入にあたっての効用と限界を探った。意識と価格を中心に調査を行ったところ、意識面は利用するうちに壁が取り除かれていったが、利用しやすい価格を実現するための住み込みスタイルに問題が多いことがわかった

Study of glycosylation of prostate-specific antigen secreted by cancer tissue-originated spheroids reveals new candidates for prostate cancer detection

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most frequently used biomarker for the screening of prostate cancer. Understanding the structure of cancer-specific glycans can help us improve PSA assay. In the present study, we analysed the glycans of PSA obtained from culture medium containing cancer tissue-originated spheroids (CTOS) which have similar characteristics as that of the parent tumour to explore the new candidates for cancer-related glycoforms of PSA. The glycan profile of PSA from CTOS was determined by comparing with PSA from normal seminal plasma and cancer cell lines (LNCaP and 22Rv1) using lectin chromatography and mass spectrometry. PSA from CTOS was mostly sialylated and the content of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin reactive glycan (LacdiNAc) was similar to that of PSA derived from seminal plasma and 22Rv1. Conversely, concanavalin A (Con A)-unbound PSA was definitely detected from the three cancer origins but was almost negligible in seminal PSA. Two novel types of PSA were elucidated in the Con A-unbound fraction: one is a high molecular weight PSA with highly branched N-glycans, and the other is a low molecular weight PSA without N-glycans. Furthermore, the existence of Lewis X antigen group on PSA was indicated. These PSAs will be candidates for new cancer-related markers

Salivary Levels of Hemoglobin for Screening Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review

Periodontal disease is a common inflammatory disease. It affects about 20–50% of global population in both developed and developing countries. Early detection of slight changes of periodontal tissue plays an important role in prevention of onset and progression of periodontal disease. Hence, there is a need of a screening test to assess periodontal tissue for health check-ups. Salivary levels hemoglobin (Hb) has been proposed to assess the conditions of the inflammation of gingiva. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and summarize critically the current evidences for Hb as periodontal screening test. We performed a literature search of report published using PubMed databases. A total of 55 articles were retrieved and 16 were selected. Our review focuses on corelation coefficient with periodontal clinical parameters or sensitivity and specificity. As a result, fourteen studies calculated sensitivity and specificity of Hb. Six studies measured salivary levels hemoglobin at laboratory: three studies used polyclonal antibody reactions and other studies used colorimetric tests. Eight studies used paper strip method: 4 studies used monoclonal antibody reaction and 4 studies used colorimetric tests. Youden’s indexes by antibody reaction were better than those of colorimetric methods. Evidences are described above and further studies are necessary to set the cut off values stratified by gender, age and number of remaining teeth

Multiple Physical Symptoms Are Useful to Identify High Risk Individuals for Burnout: A Study on Faculties and Hospital Workers in Japan

Healthcare workers have a high risk of burnout. This study aimed to investigate if the numbers of physical symptoms are associated with burnout among healthcare workers. We conducted a cross-sectional survey at a large university in Tokyo, Japan, in 2016. Participants were 1080: 525 faculties and 555 hospital workers. We investigated 16 physical symptoms perceived more than once per week and examined the association between the number of physical symptoms and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI); work-related (WBO), personal (PBO), and client-related (CBO) burnout. All CBI scores were higher among hospital workers than among faculties: WBO (43 vs. 29), PBO (50 vs. 33), CBO (33 vs. 29). Moreover, the higher the number of physical symptoms perceived, the higher the degree of burnout scores became (trend p-values < 0.001), except for CBO among faculties. Job strain (all except for CBO among hospital workers) and work-family conflict were associated with an increased risk of burnout. Being married (WBO and CBO among faculties), having a child (except for PBO and CBO among faculties), and job support (faculty and hospital workers with WBO and faculties with PBO) were associated with a decreased risk of burnout. Multiple physical symptoms might be useful for identifying high risk individuals for burnout

セイカ ニ ツナガル リーダーシップ･スタイル ノ ダンジョ カイソウベツ ヒカク

わが国における女性の管理職登用は、先進諸国のなかでも大きな後れをとっている。その要因として、管理職にふさわしい女性が少ない、女性がリーダーになりたがらない、といったことが挙げられるが、実際に女性が管理職に求められる能力、資質、またリーダーシップに欠けるのか否かを確認した先行研究は少ない。そこで本研究では、大企業管理職の成果につながるリーダーシップ・スタイルの男女別、階層別の比較を行うことを目的とした。大企業勤務者を対象とした調査で、部下有と回答した1,546名のデータを取得し、はじめに、性別・階層別のリーダーシップ・スタイルを確認した結果、成果につながるとされる変革型リーダーシップにおいては各階層で男女差は見られなかった。次に、リーダーシップ・スタイルが成果にどのように影響しているかの検討を行うため、決定木分析、選抜型多群主成分回帰分析を用いた解析により分析を行ったところ、役員層（男女）では個別配慮を成果につなげる傾向が大きいことがわかった。また男性部課長では動機鼓舞を成果につなげ、女性部長は存在強調、女性課長はビジョン伝達と個別配慮を成果につなげる傾向がみられた

Evidence and mechanism of efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence promoted by delocalized excited states

The design of organic compounds with nearly no gap between the first excited singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) states has been demonstrated to result in an efficient spin-flip transition from the T1 to S1 state, that is, reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), and facilitate light emission as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). However, many TADF molecules have shown that a relatively appreciable energy difference between the S1 and T1 states (~0.2 eV) could also result in a high RISC rate. We revealed from a comprehensive study of optical properties of TADF molecules that the formation of delocalized states is the key to efficient RISC and identified a chemical template for these materials. In addition, simple structural confinement further enhances RISC by suppressing structural relaxation in the triplet states. Our findings aid in designing advanced organic molecules with a high rate of RISC and, thus, achieving the maximum theoretical electroluminescence efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes

Effects of gaps in priorities between ideal and real lives on psychological burnout among academic faculty members at a medical university in Japan: a cross-sectional study

Background: Accumulating evidence from medical workforce research indicates that poor work/life balance and increased work/home conflict induce psychological distress. In this study we aim to examine the existence of a priority gap between ideal and real lives, and its association with psychological burnout among academic professionals. Methods: This cross-sectional survey, conducted in 2014, included faculty members (228 men, 102 women) at a single medical university in Tokyo, Japan. The outcome of interest was psychological burnout, measured with a validated inventory. Discordance between ideal-and real-life priorities, based on participants' responses (work, family, individual life, combinations thereof), was defined as a priority gap. Results: The majority (64%) of participants chose "work" as the greatest priority in real life, but only 28% chose "work" as the greatest priority in their conception of an ideal life. Priority gaps were identified in 59.5% of respondents. A stepwise multivariable general linear model demonstrated that burnout scores were associated positively with respondents' current position (P < 0.0018) and the presence of a priority gap (P < 0.0001), and negatively with the presence of social support (P < 0.0001). Among participants reporting priority gaps, burnout scores were significantly lower in those with children than in those with no children (P-interaction = 0.011); no such trend was observed in participants with no priority gap. Conclusions: A gap in priorities between an ideal and real life was associated with an increased risk of burnout, and the presence of children, which is a type of "family" social support, had a mitigating effect on burnout among those reporting priority gaps