Evaluación de las propiedades físicas y factores de conversión de café variedad Castillo y Colombia (Coffea arabica L.) durante el proceso de beneficio y trilla, a diferentes alturas sobre el nivel del mar en fincas cafeteras el municipio de Colón, departamento de Nariño.

El presente estudio se realizó en fincas cafeteras del Municipio de Colón, Departamento de Nariño, el objetivo fue determinarlas propiedades físicas y factores de conversión del café variedad Castillo y Colombia (Coffea arabica L.), en el proceso de beneficio húmedo y trilla, a diferente altitud m.s.n.m., se utilizó un diseño en bloques en tres niveles de alturas diferentes de 1350 m.s.n.m. a 1600 m.s.n.m., de 1600 m.s.n.m a 1800 m.s.n.m, de 1800 m.s.n.m a 2200 (dos fincas por rango de altura y variedad), con el fin de determinar el efecto de la altura y la variedad, sobre las variables de respuesta: peso, diámetros (polar y ecuatorial), densidad aparente, relaciones de conversión, porcentaje de merma y rendimiento en trilla. Se tomó una muestra de café cereza sin seleccionar; para cada muestra se tomaron sub muestras que se procesaron mediante el sistema de beneficio húmedo y secado solar en parabólico. Se utilizó el análisis de varianza para determinar si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las diferentes muestras. Respecto a la densidad aparente se obtuvo mayores resultados para café variedad Castillo, 712 kg/m3 para café cereza, 873,9 kg/m3 para el café en baba, 766,6 kg/m3 para el café lavado, 484,6 kg/m3 para el café pergamino seco y 814 kg/m3 para el café almendra, se determinó diferencia estadísticamente significativa respecto al porcentaje de merma, en promedio para el café variedad Castillo de solo 17,46%, a diferencia de la variedad Colombia de 18,156%. Se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el peso, diámetro polar y diámetro ecuatorial con respecto a la altura, a medida que aumento la altura disminuye el peso y los diámetros del grano, siendo estos mayores para el café variedad Castillo en todos los estados del café. Al final se obtuvo unos mejores resultados para la variedad Castillo y se determinó que la altura tiene una influencia predominante sobre las propiedades físicas y factores de conversión del café.The objective of this study was to determine the physical properties and conversion factors of the coffee variety Castillo and Colombia (Coffea arabica L.), in the process of humid and threshing benefit, at the coffee farms of the Municipality of Colón, Department of Nariño. Different altitude msnm, a block design was used in three levels of different heights of 1350 msnm At 1600 masl, from 1600 masl to 1800 masl, from 1800 masl to 2200 (two estates per height range and variety), in order to determine the effect of height and variety, on the response variables: weight, diameters (Polar and equatorial), apparent density, conversion ratios, shrinkage percentage and threshing performance. A sample of cherry coffee was taken without selecting; For each sample, sub samples were taken and processed by means of the wet profit and solar parabolic drying system. The analysis of variance was used to determine if there are statistically significant differences between the different samples. Regarding the apparent density, the results were higher for Castillo variety, 712 kg / m3 for cherry coffee, 873.9 kg / m3 for coffee in drool, 766.6 kg / m3 for washed coffee, 484.6 kg / M3 for dry parchment coffee and 814 kg / m3 for almond coffee, a statistically significant difference was determined with respect to the percentage of reduction, in average for the Castillo variety coffee of only 17.46%, unlike the Colombia variety of 18.156%. There was a statistically significant difference between the weight, the polar diameter and the equatorial diameter with respect to the height. As the height increased, the weight and diameter of the grain were reduced, being higher for the Castillo variety coffee in all coffee states. In the end, better results were obtained for the Castillo variety and it was determined that the height has a predominant influence on the physical properties and coffee conversion factors

Non-invasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection has been implicated in a number of malignancies and non-malignant conditions including peptic ulcers, non-ulcer dyspepsia, recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding, unexplained iron deficiency anaemia, idiopathic thrombocytopaenia purpura, and colorectal adenomas. The confirmatory diagnosis of H pylori is by endoscopic biopsy, followed by histopathological examination using haemotoxylin and eosin (H & E) stain or special stains such as Giemsa stain and Warthin-Starry stain. Special stains are more accurate than H & E stain. There is significant uncertainty about the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for diagnosis of H pylori. OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of urea breath test, serology, and stool antigen test, used alone or in combination, for diagnosis of H pylori infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic people, so that eradication therapy for H pylori can be started. SEARCH METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Science Citation Index and the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Database on 4 March 2016. We screened references in the included studies to identify additional studies. We also conducted citation searches of relevant studies, most recently on 4 December 2016. We did not restrict studies by language or publication status, or whether data were collected prospectively or retrospectively. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included diagnostic accuracy studies that evaluated at least one of the index tests (urea breath test using isotopes such as13C or14C, serology and stool antigen test) against the reference standard (histopathological examination using H & E stain, special stains or immunohistochemical stain) in people suspected of having H pylori infection. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently screened the references to identify relevant studies and independently extracted data. We assessed the methodological quality of studies using the QUADAS-2 tool. We performed meta-analysis by using the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model to estimate and compare SROC curves. Where appropriate, we used bivariate or univariate logistic regression models to estimate summary sensitivities and specificities. MAIN RESULTS: We included 101 studies involving 11,003 participants, of which 5839 participants (53.1%) had H pylori infection. The prevalence of H pylori infection in the studies ranged from 15.2% to 94.7%, with a median prevalence of 53.7% (interquartile range 42.0% to 66.5%). Most of the studies (57%) included participants with dyspepsia and 53 studies excluded participants who recently had proton pump inhibitors or antibiotics.There was at least an unclear risk of bias or unclear applicability concern for each study.Of the 101 studies, 15 compared the accuracy of two index tests and two studies compared the accuracy of three index tests. Thirty-four studies (4242 participants) evaluated serology; 29 studies (2988 participants) evaluated stool antigen test; 34 studies (3139 participants) evaluated urea breath test-13C; 21 studies (1810 participants) evaluated urea breath test-14C; and two studies (127 participants) evaluated urea breath test but did not report the isotope used. The thresholds used to define test positivity and the staining techniques used for histopathological examination (reference standard) varied between studies. Due to sparse data for each threshold reported, it was not possible to identify the best threshold for each test.Using data from 99 studies in an indirect test comparison, there was statistical evidence of a difference in diagnostic accuracy between urea breath test-13C, urea breath test-14C, serology and stool antigen test (P = 0.024). The diagnostic odds ratios for urea breath test-13C, urea breath test-14C, serology, and stool antigen test were 153 (95% confidence interval (CI) 73.7 to 316), 105 (95% CI 74.0 to 150), 47.4 (95% CI 25.5 to 88.1) and 45.1 (95% CI 24.2 to 84.1). The sensitivity (95% CI) estimated at a fixed specificity of 0.90 (median from studies across the four tests), was 0.94 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.97) for urea breath test-13C, 0.92 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.94) for urea breath test-14C, 0.84 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.91) for serology, and 0.83 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.90) for stool antigen test. This implies that on average, given a specificity of 0.90 and prevalence of 53.7% (median specificity and prevalence in the studies), out of 1000 people tested for H pylori infection, there will be 46 false positives (people without H pylori infection who will be diagnosed as having H pylori infection). In this hypothetical cohort, urea breath test-13C, urea breath test-14C, serology, and stool antigen test will give 30 (95% CI 15 to 58), 42 (95% CI 30 to 58), 86 (95% CI 50 to 140), and 89 (95% CI 52 to 146) false negatives respectively (people with H pylori infection for whom the diagnosis of H pylori will be missed).Direct comparisons were based on few head-to-head studies. The ratios of diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) were 0.68 (95% CI 0.12 to 3.70; P = 0.56) for urea breath test-13C versus serology (seven studies), and 0.88 (95% CI 0.14 to 5.56; P = 0.84) for urea breath test-13C versus stool antigen test (seven studies). The 95% CIs of these estimates overlap with those of the ratios of DORs from the indirect comparison. Data were limited or unavailable for meta-analysis of other direct comparisons. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In people without a history of gastrectomy and those who have not recently had antibiotics or proton ,pump inhibitors, urea breath tests had high diagnostic accuracy while serology and stool antigen tests were less accurate for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.This is based on an indirect test comparison (with potential for bias due to confounding), as evidence from direct comparisons was limited or unavailable. The thresholds used for these tests were highly variable and we were unable to identify specific thresholds that might be useful in clinical practice.We need further comparative studies of high methodological quality to obtain more reliable evidence of relative accuracy between the tests. Such studies should be conducted prospectively in a representative spectrum of participants and clearly reported to ensure low risk of bias. Most importantly, studies should prespecify and clearly report thresholds used, and should avoid inappropriate exclusions

Libro de Proyectos Finales 2021 primer semestre

PregradoIngeniero CivilIngeniero de SistemasIngeniero ElectricistaIngeniero ElectrónicoIngeniero IndustrialIngeniero Mecánic

ENGIU: Encuentro Nacional de Grupos de Investigación de UNIMINUTO.

El desarrollo del prototipo para el sistema de detección de Mina Antipersona (MAP), inicia desde el semillero ADSSOF perteneciente al programa de Administración en Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo de la UNIMINUTO, se realiza a partir de un detector de metales que emite una señal audible, que el usuario puede interpretar como aviso de presencia de un objeto metálico, en este caso una MAP. La señal audible se interpreta como un dato, como ese dato no es perceptible a 5 metros de distancia, se implementa el transmisor de Frecuencia Modulada FM por la facilidad de modulación y la escogencia de frecuencia de transmisión de acuerdo con las normas y resolución del Ministerio de Comunicaciones; de manera que esta sea la plataforma base para enviar los datos obtenidos a una frecuencia establecida. La idea es que el ser humano no explore zonas peligrosas y buscar la forma de crear un sistema que permita eliminar ese riesgo, por otro lado, buscar la facilidad de uso de elementos ya disponibles en el mercado

Switching TNF antagonists in patients with chronic arthritis: An observational study of 488 patients over a four-year period

The objective of this work is to analyze the survival of infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab in patients who have switched among tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists for the treatment of chronic arthritis. BIOBADASER is a national registry of patients with different forms of chronic arthritis who are treated with biologics. Using this registry, we have analyzed patient switching of TNF antagonists. The cumulative discontinuation rate was calculated using the actuarial method. The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves, and Cox regression models were used to assess independent factors associated with discontinuing medication. Between February 2000 and September 2004, 4,706 patients were registered in BIOBADASER, of whom 68% had rheumatoid arthritis, 11% ankylosing spondylitis, 10% psoriatic arthritis, and 11% other forms of chronic arthritis. One- and two-year drug survival rates of the TNF antagonist were 0.83 and 0.75, respectively. There were 488 patients treated with more than one TNF antagonist. In this situation, survival of the second TNF antagonist decreased to 0.68 and 0.60 at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Survival was better in patients replacing the first TNF antagonist because of adverse events (hazard ratio (HR) for discontinuation 0.55 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34-0.84)), and worse in patients older than 60 years (HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.97-2.49)) or who were treated with infliximab (HR 3.22 (95% CI 2.13-4.87)). In summary, in patients who require continuous therapy and have failed to respond to a TNF antagonist, replacement with a different TNF antagonist may be of use under certain situations. This issue will deserve continuous reassessment with the arrival of new medications. © 2006 Gomez-Reino and Loreto Carmona; licensee BioMed Central Ltd