ANÁLISE DAS PESQUISAS SOBRE A POLÍTICA DE FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES NO PERÍODO DE 2002-2016

Este trabalho compõe resultados parciais de dissertação de Mestrado em andamento intitulada “A implementação da Política Nacional de Formação de Professores na UFGD: análise sobre os cursos de Geografia e História”, desenvolvida junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD). Refere-se à um levantamento da produção acadêmico-científica sobre Políticas de Formação Inicial de Professores no Brasil no período de 2002 a 2016. Quanto a metodologia, foi realizado o levantamento e análise de títulos, resumos e eventualmente, de introduções de teses e dissertações disponíveis na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e no Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Ademais, foram utilizados os descritores: “Políticas de Formação de Professores”, “políticas de formação docente” e “políticas de formação inicial”. A partir dos 628 resultados encontrados, foram selecionadas 40 produções correspondentes ao recorte deste mapeamento, sendo 12 Teses e 28 Dissertações. Posteriormente, esses trabalhos foram divididos em 4 agrupamentos para a realização da análise. Os dados das pesquisas evidenciam que as políticas de formação inicial, embora tragam contribuições para o processo formativo, ainda estão pautadas em ações pontuais de cunho emergencial, criadas para sanar determinados problemas sem a devida articulação entre as propostas elaboradas e os profissionais encarregados de sua implementação

Entre letras e números: as múltiplas faces da formação em leitura, Literatura e Matemática

O livro Entre letras e números: as múltiplas faces da formação em leitura, Literatura e Matemática se caracteriza por ser uma coletânea que reúne 13 capítulos de pesquisadores de diversas universidades do Brasil, a saber: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados – UFGD, Universidade Federal Fluminense – UFF, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ – FCT/UNESP e Universidade Católica Dom Bosco – UCDB. Os artigos aí reunidos discutem, de modo geral, questões sobre o ensino e a compreensão da matemática, a importância da leitura e da literatura nas práticas na Educação Infantil e nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa, e ainda, de como as práticas de letramento podem incluir e integrar conteúdos, por meio dos números, da literatura, da leitura e das letras.Entre números e letras nos apresenta três capítulos voltados para a área de Matemática, que discutem, dentre outras questões, a formação de professores voltada para essa disciplina, evidenciando elementos referentes à prática pedagógica de professores que ensinam Matemática, bem como mostra algumas dificuldades que circundam tanto a formação inicial docente quanto o professor em exercício, no que tange ao trabalho com os conteúdos matemáticos.No que tange à leitura e a literatura, o livro vem ao encontro de discussões no que se refere a estratégias para aumentar o interesse dos alunos pela leitura de uma forma dinâmica, com o uso de recursos como as mídias televisivas, cinematográficas, entre outras, além de fazer algumas considerações pertinentes às práticas de letramento, importantes para que se possa formar indivíduos que reflitam acerca do que leem, sendo a escola entendida como um ambiente mediador dessas práticas. Defende-se, assim, a possibilidade de os leitores serem agentes de uma transformação social.Nesse sentido, este livro possibilita aos acadêmicos de cursos na área de licenciatura, em especial àqueles dos cursos de Pedagogia, Letras e Matemática, bem como aos profissionais da educação em geral, um enriquecimento sua formação inicial e continuada, com a socialização de temáticas pertinentes à formação de professores, à prática pedagógica e ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Afinal, as pesquisas contidas nesse livro dialogam com a realidade educacional vigente na atualidade, abordando temas fundamentais e contemporâneos para o desenvolvimento do trabalho pedagógico, sobretudo em tempos de ampla discussão nacional sobre alfabetização e letramento, seja em Língua Portuguesa e/ou em Matemática.

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Single and mixture toxicity of four pharmaceuticals of environmental concern to aquatic organisms, including a behavioral assessment

Pharmaceuticals are frequently detected in aquatic environments as mixtures and can cause toxic effects to non-target organisms. We aimed to evaluate the single and mixture effects of the pharmaceuticals metformin, bisoprolol, ranitidine and sotalol using Daphnia similis and Danio rerio. In addition, we aimed to test the predictive accuracy of the mathematical models concentration addition and independent action and to evaluate the nature of the possible toxicological interactions among these pharmaceuticals using the combination index-isobologram model. The acute toxicity of these four pharmaceuticals individually and of their binary mixtures were evaluated using the D. similis tests. Developmental and behavioral effects induced by the pharmaceuticals in quaternary mixtures were evaluated using D. rerio embryos. We observed that most of the binary mixture effects were in the zone between the effects predicted by the concentration addition and the independent action model. The combination index-isobologram model showed to be adequate to describe the nature of possible interactions occurring between the combined pharmaceuticals. Developmental and behavioral acute adverse effects seem not to be induced by the joint action of the quaternary mixture of the evaluated pharmaceuticals on D. rerio embryos, at the concentrations at which they are usually found in surface fresh waters. However, from the results obtained with D. similis, we can conclude that assessing the ecological risk based on the effects of individual pharmaceuticals can underestimate the risk level posed by these environmental contaminants235373382CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal e Nível Superior88881.132858/2016-0

Assessment of the ecotoxicity of the pharmaceuticals bisoprolol, sotalol, and ranitidine using standard and behavioral endpoints

The pharmaceuticals bisoprolol (BIS), sotalol (SOT), and ranitidine (RAN) are among the most consumed pharmaceuticals worldwide and are frequently detected in different aquatic ecosystems. However, very few ecotoxicity data are available in the literature for them. To help fill these data gaps, toxicity tests with the algae Raphidocelis subcapitata, the macrophyte Lemna minor, the cnidarian Hydra attenuata, the crustacean Daphnia similis, and the fish Danio rerio were performed for assessing the ecotoxicity of these pharmaceuticals. Standard, as well as non-standard endpoint, was evaluated, including the locomotor behavior of D. rerio larvae. Results obtained for SOT and RAN showed that acute adverse effects are not expected to occur on aquatic organisms at the concentrations at which these pharmaceuticals are usually found in fresh surface waters. On the other hand, BIS was classified as hazardous to the environment in the acute III category. Locomotor behavior of D. rerio larvae was not affected by BIS and RAN. A disturbance on the total swimming distance at the dark cycle was observed only for larvae exposed to the highest test concentration of 500 mg L−1 of SOT. D. similis reproduction was affected by BIS with an EC10 of 3.6 (0.1–34.0) mg L−1. A risk quotient (RQ) of 0.04 was calculated for BIS in fresh surface water, considering a worst-case scenario. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first chronic toxicity data with BIS on non-target organisms2754695481COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES88881.132858/2016-0

Occurrence and risk assessment of an azo dye - The case of Disperse Red 1

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-08-01Water quality criteria to protect aquatic life are not available for most disperse dyes which are often used as commercial mixtures in textile coloration. In this study, the acute and chronic toxicity of the commercial dye Disperse Red 1 (DR1) to eight aquatic organisms from four trophic levels was evaluated. A safety threshold, i.e. Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC), was derived based on the toxicity information of the commercial product and the purified dye. This approach was possible because the toxicity of DR1 was accounting for most of the toxicity of the commercial mixture. A long-term PNEC of 60 ng L-1 was proposed, based on the most sensitive chronic endpoint for Daphnia similis. A short-term PNEC of 1800 ng L-1 was proposed based on the most sensitive acute endpoint also for Daphnia similis. Both key studies have been evaluated with the new Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating ecotoxicity Data (CRED) methodology, applying more objective criteria to assess the quality of toxicity tests, resulting in two reliable and relevant endpoints with only minor restrictions. HPLC-MS/MS was used to quantify the occurrence of DR1 in river waters of three sites, influenced by textile industry discharges, resulting in a concentration range of 50-500 ng L-1. The risk quotients for DR1 obtained in this work suggest that this dye can pose a potential risk to freshwater biota. To reduce uncertainty of the derived PNEC, a fish partial or full lifecycle study should be performed.Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo USPSchool of Technology State University of Campinas UNICAMPAmalex Environmental SolutionsChemical Institute State University of São Paulo UNESPSchool of Life Sciences Heriot-Watt UniversityDepartment of Biology and CESAM University of AveiroChemical Institute State University of São Paulo UNES

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved