Necessidades da família no cuidar : Papel do enfermeiro

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências de Enfermagem apresentada ao Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar da Universidade do Port

A INVESTIGAÇÃO DA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA COMO VERTENTE ESSENCIAL DO TRABALHO DOS FORMADORES DE PROFESSORES NOS IFs: das ações que temos às ações que queremos

This paper draws from a post-doctoral research project aimed at discussing the contribution of research on pedagogical practice as a possibility to improve teaching and learning and to fostering the professional development of teacher educators. It also aims to analyse the current conditions for professional development opportunities in light of other contexts, namely experiences at the University of Minho, Portugal, and at the University of Applied Sciences, Finland. This paper focuses on the possibilities and challenges related to researching pedagogical practice of teacher educators taking into account the experience of Portugal and Finland in order to discuss not only existing actions and also desired actions. A narrative-biographical approach is used with five Brasilian teacher educators, one from Portugal and one from Finland. The multiciplicity of actions on the tripod, research, extension in the vertical teaching from high school to postgraduate, added to the lack of training, weakens the materiality of pedagogical research. The implementation of study groups can alleviate the challenges.Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación postdoctoral cuyos objetivos son discutir los aportes de la investigación en la práctica pedagógica como posibilidad de fusionar la calidad de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje y el desarrollo profesional de los docentes (DPD), dos formadores en cursos de pregrado, y para Analizar las condiciones actuales para la promoción del DPD, cuestionando a la luz de la experiencia de otros contextos, con énfasis en las experiencias de la Universidad de Minho, en Portugal y la Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas de Häme, Finlandia.  En el presente caso, presentar un extracto, cuyo objetivo fue identificar las posibilidades y desafíos para el desarrollo de la investigación de la práctica educativa, destacando los aportes de la experiencia portuguesa y finlandesa desde el punto de vista del trabajo con la investigación, la forma reflexionar sobre las acciones que tenemos y lo que queremos.  Nuestra investigación cualitativa, una narrativa (auto) biográfica, constituye un enfoque de investigación, siendo recopilada por profesores en formación de profesores, cinco profesores brasileños, un profesor portugués y un profesor finlandés.  Una multiplicidad de acciones imperturbables, de investigación, extensión y docencia vertical desde el medio hasta el posgrado, en ausencia de formación, debilita la materialidad de la investigación pedagógica.  La implementación de grupos de estudio puede aliviar los desafíos.Este artigo resulta da pesquisa de pós doutorado, objetivos foram discutir os contributos da investigação da prática pedagógica, como possibilidade de melhoria da qualidade do ensino-aprendizagem e do Desenvolvimento Profissional Docente (DPD) dos formadores nos cursos de Licenciatura, e analisar como as condições atuais para a promoção de DPD, questionando-as à luz da experiência de outros contextos, com destaque para as experiências da Universidade do Minho, Portugal e Universidade de Ciências Aplicadas Häme, Finlândia. No caso presente, apresentar-se-á um recorte, cujo objetivo foi identificar como possibilidades e desafios para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa da prática pedagógica pelos formadores, destacando os contributos da experiência portuguesa e finlandesa do ponto de vista do trabalho com a pesquisa,de modo a refletir sobre as ações que temos e como queremos. Nesta investigação de natureza qualitativa, uma narrativa (auto) biográfica constituiu-se como abordagem de pesquisa, sendo recolhida de professores que atuam com a formação de professores, sendo cinco professores brasileiros, um professor de Portugal e um professor da Finlândia. A multiciplicidade de ações no tripé, pesquisa, extensão no ensino verticalizado do médio a pós-graduação, a par da ausência de formação, fragiliza a materialidade da pesquisa pedadógica. A implementação de grupos de estudo pode amenizar os desafios. um professor de Portugal e um professor da Finlândia.A multiciplicidade de ações no tripé, pesquisa, extensão no ensino verticalizado do médio a pós-graduação, a par da ausência de formação, fragiliza a materialidade da pesquisa pedadógica. A implementação de grupos de estudo pode amenizar os desafios. um professor de Portugal e um professor da Finlândia. A multiciplicidade de ações no tripé, pesquisa, extensão no ensino verticalizado do médio a pós-graduação, a par da ausência de formação, fragiliza a materialidade da pesquisa pedadógica. A implementação de grupos de estudo pode amenizar os desafios

N,N '-dimethyl-N,N '-dicyclohexylsuccinamide: A novel molecule for the separation and recovery of Pd(II) by liquid-liquid extraction

N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dicyclohexylsuccinamide (DMDCHSA) is investigated as a potential molecule for the liquid-liquid extraction of Pd(II) from chloride solutions for the first time. The effect of several parameters on Pd(II) extraction, such as the contact period between both phases, hydrochloric acid, extractant and hydrogen ion concentrations, is evaluated. Pd(II) extraction equilibrium is very fast (30 s) and the extraction percentage (%E) increases with the HCI concentration in the aqueous phases, being higher than 60% for [HCl] > 5 M. The loading capacity of DMDCHSA for Pd(II) is reasonable (molar ratio extractant/metal higher than 16). Several stripping agents (e.g. distilled water, 1 M HCl, seawater and 20 g/L chloride solution as NaCl) were successfully used to transfer Pd(II) to a new aqueous phase, and data obtained from five successive extraction-stripping cycles suggest a good DMDCHSA stability pattern. Attempts to replace 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) by commercial and more environmentally friendly diluents showed much worse %E for Pd(II). Selectivity tests with binary, ternary and more complex metal ion solutions were carried out to evaluate the performance of DMDCHSA towards Pd(II) recovery from 6 M HCl, when in presence of Pt(IV), Fe(III), Zn(II), Al(III) and Ce(III), metal ions usually present in solutions that may result from the hydrometallurgical treatment of spent automobile catalytic converters. It was generally observed that the additional metal ions do not affect the recovery of Pd(II) by DMDCHSA, although Fe(III) and Pt(IV) were co-extracted in a great extent. A solvent extraction (SX) scheme is proposed, based on a previous separation of Fe(III) with tributylphosphate (TBP) and on the selective and sequential stripping of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) from the loaded DMDCHSA with 0.01 M thiourea in 0.5 M HCI and seawater, respectively. The dependence of the Pd(II) distribution ratios on DMDCHSA and acidity, complemented with UV-Visible spectroscopy data, points out to DMDCHSA:Pd(II) extracted species with a 2:1 molar ratio and suggests the occurrence of an outer-sphere ion pair reaction, in which both [PdCl4](2-) and HCI are extracted

Competências do cuidador informal atribuídas pelos enfermeiros comunitários: um estudo Delphi

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as competências que um cuidador informal deve possuir para cuidar, em domicílio, de pessoas com dependência. Trata-se de estudo exploratório-descritivo, realizado com enfermeiros de Centros de Saúde no Norte de Portugal, que recorreu ao método Delphi, com dois rounds, usando questionários para o efeito. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo no primeiro round de Delphi, confirmando-se uma complexidade de fatores que condicionam as competências dos cuidadores no cuidar de um doente com dependência no domicílio. Com recurso de análise estatística, no segundo round, os indicadores de competências cognitivas, psicomotoras e relacionais obtiveram níveis de concordância excelentes. Foi reconhecida como fundamental a motivação do cuidador informal, considerada o leitmotiv no processo de cuidar. Para além disto, o cuidador necessita de apoio, ensino, treino e encaminhamento para se munir das competências para cuidar de um doente dependente no domicílio, com segurança. Descritores: Cuidados de Enfermagem; Cuidadores; Competência Profissional; Pacientes Domiciliares; Assistência Domiciliar

Descriptive Study of Children’s Nutritional Status and Identification of Community-Level Nursing Diagnoses in a School Community in Africa

Effectively responding to children’s nutritional status and eating behaviors in Mozambique requires a community-based care approach grounded in sound nursing research that is evidence-based. The Community Assessment, Intervention, and Empowerment Model (MAIEC) is a nursing theoretical model that is based upon clinical decision-making for community health nurses using communities as a unit of care. We used the MAIEC to identify a community-based nursing diagnosis to address children’s nutritional status and eating behaviors in Mozambique. Objectives: (1) to conduct a descriptive study of children’s nutritional status and eating behaviors in a school community in Mavalane, Mozambique, and (2) to identify a community-based nursing diagnosis using the MAIEC clinical decision-making matrix in the same school community. Method: a cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of children using anthropometric data, including brachial perimeter and the tricipital skinfold, and standard deviation for the relation of weight–height, in a sample of 227 children. To assess community management of the problem and identify a community-based nursing diagnosis, we surveyed 176 parents/guardians and 49 education professionals, using a questionnaire based on the MAIEC clinical decision matrix as a reference. Results: malnutrition was identified in more than half of the children (51.3%). We also identified a community-based nursing diagnosis of impaired community management related to the promotion of child health and healthy eating evidenced by the lack of community leadership, participation, and processing among more than 70% of the community members (parents/guardians and education professionals). Conclusion: a nursing diagnosis and diagnostic criteria for nutritional status and community management were identified. The need to intervene using a multidisciplinary public health approach is imperative, with the school community as the unit of care. In addition, reliable anthropometric data were identified as important criteria to complement the nursing diagnosis and guide future public health interventions

MODO DE VIDA RIBEIRINHO E A LONGITUDINALIDADE DO CUIDADO NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA EM SAÚDE

Objetivos: identificar atitudes que são valorizadas pelos profissionais das equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família Ribeirinhas relacionadas à longitudinalidade do cuidado; e verificar como ocorre o processo de vínculo longitudinal. Estudo com abordagem quantitativa realizado com quatro equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família de Populações Ribeirinhas da região metropolitana de Belém/PA. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma escala Likert e analisados de forma descritiva. Os participantes concordaram (71%) que a equipe deve assistir a população de sua área adscrita de forma longitudinal, que o vínculo é importante para esse fortalecimento (94%) e a falta de condições de trabalho pode comprometer esse cuidado (81%). Embora o modelo Saúde Família favoreça a constituição de vínculo entre usuários e profissionais, as realidades de vida e de trabalho nos territórios ribeirinhos devem ser valorizadas para o cuidado longitudinal. Descritores: Atenção Primária à Saúde; Saúde da Família; Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente.

Management of a Congenital Flexural Deformity in a Calf - Surgical and Pathological Aspects

Background: Flexural deformities are anatomical deviations, in varying degrees, of one or more joints, and may have a congenital or acquired origin. Congenital contracture of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) affects newborn calves and results in hyperflexion of the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, which in severe cases means that the animal must support its own weight on its fetlock joints. The aim of this study is to report the rapid and successful result of applying bilateral total tenotomy technique on a newborn bovine that had been diagnosed with severe bilateral DDFT contracture in the thoracic limbs.Case: A 3-week-old male bovine with a history of difficulty in maintaining a quadrupedal position was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Tocantins. The animal had severe bilateral locomotor alterations in the thoracic members to the point that he walked on his fetlock joints. The physical examination revealed clinical parameters within the normal range. However, the locomotor system examination showed severe flexor deformity in the bilateral metacarpal-phalangeal joints, and the limbs were being supported on the dorsal face of the fetlock joints, which presented ulcerations, and was suggestive of a shortening of the DDFT. Based on the patient's history and clinical examination, as well as the severity of the tendon contractures, surgical treatment using the DDFT bilateral total tenotomy technique was decided upon. Postoperative treatment consisted of 2.5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin intramuscularly (IM), SID, for 5 days and 0.5 mg/kg meloxicam via IM, SID, for 3 days; as well as a dressing (cotton, medical bandage and a PVC mold) on the thoracic limbs to provide support and allow the animal to walk, until its complete recovery. One day after the surgery, the animal was able to walk with difficulty and some trembling; however, on the third day after the surgical procedure, it could stand up by itself, walk and graze normally. The surgical stitches were removed seven days after the operation, as the surgical wounds had healed adequately. The animal was followed-up for a one-month period after the total tenotomy, with no recurrence of any of the clinical signs, and the thoracic limbs had regained normal biomechanics.Discussion: Congenital flexural deformities are common in newborn calves of different breeds and their incidence is mainly in the thoracic limbs, especially in the carpal, distal interphalangeal and metacarpal-phalangeal joints as was reported in the animal in this study. The history and anamnesis of the animal, along with a thorough physical examination, in order to rule out any other congenital alterations, was extremely important in the diagnosis, and the classification of the severity of the deformity along with the choice of appropriate treatment in the present study. Although total tenotomy is rarely reported in the literature, and there are controversial results with calves, the surgical treatment was chosen in the present case due to the severity of the case. The DDFT bilateral total tenotomy surgical technique gave satisfactory results for the correction of severe bilateral flexor deformity in the thoracic limbs of the newborn crossbred calf. Complete recovery of the limb biomechanics was rapid, and there was no post-surgical complications, thus ensuring the animal could have a good and healthy life. Total DDFT tenotomy is considered a viable surgical procedure for calves with severe congenital flexor deformities; however, post-operative care is also important to ensure good final results

Atresia Ani (Imperforated Anus) in Calves: Clinical, Surgical and Pathological Aspects

Background: Anal atresia is a congenital malformation, which often affects calves, and is related to the imperforation of the membrane that separates the endoderm of the posterior intestine from the ectodermal anal membrane. It is commonly associated with other congenital malformations and skeletal anomalies. The clinical signs generally appear in the first days of the animal's life, due to a retention of feces. The diagnosis is clinical and is based on observation, anamnesis and a physical examination of the animal. The only viable treatment is surgical. This paper aims to report 6 cases of anal atresia in bovine calves, 4 males and 2 females that were successfully treated surgically. Cases: This work reports 6 cases of anal atresia in 4 male calves and 2 female calves. Three presented total atresia (type II), one partial (type I) and in both female calves, anal atresia and rectovaginal fistula (type IV) were observed. The animals were all of undefined race. Five of the cases were from northern Tocantins, 4 males and 1 female (anal atresia with rectovaginal fistula), and 1 female (anal atresia with rectovaginal fistula) was from Valença, RJ. All animals were born active, by eutocic/natural birth, and assumed a quadrupedal position followed by the first feeding as normal. They were aged between 2 days and 6 months, and had a clinical history of abdominal distention and difficulty or inability defecating, and the females both also had a rectovaginal fistula, all cases compatible with anal atresia. Based on the patient's history and clinical examination, surgical treatment for anal reconstruction was decided upon. Postoperative treatment consisted of enrofloxacin [2.5 mg/kg - intramuscularly (IM), once daily (SID), for 5 days] and fluxinin meglumine [1.1 mg/kg - IM, SID, for 3 days] ; as well as a healing ointment which was applied to the area of the surgical wound, every 12 h, for 7 days. There were no trans-surgical complications. The animals showed progressive recovery after anal reconstruction and the stitches were removed in all cases on the 10th postoperative day, with no postoperative complications and no recurrence of any clinical signs from that moment on.Discussion: The study of congenital and hereditary changes enables the identification of their origins, can help prevent new cases and, some of them, are open to economically viable treatment and/or correction that can improve the well-being of the animal and prevent economic losses due to death or animal sacrifice, as reported in the present study. Anal atresia is the most common congenital defect of the lower gastrointestinal tract in calves, being an isolated abnormality, or associated with other malformations, especially of the distal spinal column such as the absence of a tail (perosumus acaudato), as one of the animals in this study. The clinical signs and physical examination are sufficient to establish the diagnosis, as demonstrated in this report, which is usually made in newborn animals, due to the lack or difficulty in defecation associated with no anal orifice and/or swelling in the perineal region. The treatment of choice for anal atresia is surgical, in order to construct an anal neo-orifice and thus avoid endotoxemic shock as well as providing relief and well-being for the animals. As observed in this study, when anal atresia is diagnosed early, and surgical treatment is properly instituted, the prognosis is favorable. The surgery is considered of low complexity, quick and it can be carried out in the field. Thus, from a commercial point of view, considering the costs of the procedures and the value of the calf at the end of weaning, such treatments are beneficial to the owners. In addition, the surgical treatment is essential for animal health and welfare in cases of anal atresia.Keywords: cattle, congenital defects, hereditary pathology, perosomus acaudato, surgery

Estágio Supervisionado: Percepção dos Alunos do Curso de Licenciatura em Química do Polo de Mauriti-CE / Supervised Internship: Perception of Students of the Degree Course in Chemistry at the Pole of Mauriti-CE

O estágio supervisionado é uma ferramenta de extrema importância para os estudantes dos cursos de licenciatura, portanto, ele possibilita um primeiro contato do futuro professor na sua área de atuação, ofertando a oportunidade de fazer a relação da teoria com a prática docente, onde o licenciando poderá vivenciar a realidade do cotidiano de uma instituição de ensino, enfrentando as dificuldades de uma sala de aula, adquirindo assim a prática docente. Sabendo-se que o campo e a quantidade de pesquisas sobre a formação de professores é bastante vasto, neste sentido buscou-se coletar e analisar dados, para que fosse possível ter uma melhor compreensão das possibilidades que a disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado II pode proporcionar aos futuros professores, no que diz respeito à aplicação das teorias na prática, bem como a sua importância na formação docente dos alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Química na Modalidade a Distância da Universidade Estadual do Ceará-UECE – Polo UAB, no município Mauriti-CE. Para a construção da pesquisa foi implantado o método exploratório, através das metodologias integrativas, qualitativas e quantitativas. Um questionário composto de nove perguntas foi aplicado para dezoito alunos do 7º semestre do referido curso. Finalizando a pesquisa foi possível constatar a importância do estágio na formação dos futuros professores, pois para muitos deles foi através dessa disciplina que tiveram sua primeira regência em sala de aula, assim reafirmando a escolha para tornar-se professor.         

Reversible Techniques of Ruffian in Sheep (Ovis aires)

Background: The use of teaser rams is an essential practice for detecting estrus in ewes as well as for accelerating puberty and synchronizing ovulation in the animal. There are several methods for preparing teasers, and the method used should be based on an assessment of the producer’s requirements. The ideal technique should be low cost and safe, ensuring the non-fertilization of ewes. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of two reversible teaser preparation techniques using a reversible plastic clamp. The techniques were compared in terms of functionality, possible post-surgical complications, and hematological changes of the rams as well as durability and reversibility.Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve healthy rams, aged 14-20 months, were divided into two groups (G1 and G2). Blood samples were collected through the jugular vein to perform the following analyses: blood count, total plasma protein, and fibrinogen. Following local infiltrative anesthesia with 5.0 mL 2% lidocaine without vasoconstrictor, the procedure was performed as follows: in G1, the preputial ostium was partially closed, and in G2, sigmoid flexure was performed in the cranial region, approximately 5-8 cm immediately caudal to the scrotal sac. In the postoperative period, 20 mg/kg oxytetracycline and 2.2 mg/kg flunixinmeglumine were intramuscularly administered as a single dose. The wounds were dressed, sprayed with repellent, and allowed to heal for seven days. The procedures in both groups were simple to perform, low cost, and low risk; caused minimal tissue injury; enabled rapid recovery; promoted little or no stress to the animals; are reversible; and left no complications. The animals of both groups satisfactorily identified the females in estrus during the three-month experimental period, maintained libido, and failed to mate with any female. The blood count levels remained within normal range in both groups evaluated at different time intervals. Hyperfibrinogenemia was observed in four animals of G1 and in three animals of G2 at T2, with a mean level of 600 mg/dL. However, the values returned to normal at T3 in both G1 and G2, when the mean observed fibrinogen level was 400 mg/dL.Discussion: Since these are simple, rapid procedures with low tissue injury and a simple anesthetic protocol, the animals showed rapid recovery, without intra or postoperative complications, enabling the immediate initiation of work. The techniques, therefore, demonstrate several advantages over the other techniques described above. It is estimated that the techniques used in this study are more economically viable than other techniques described in the literature, which require medium to high complexity procedures and long postoperative treatments and carry the risk of affecting the animal’s libido, making the animal unviable and more liable to be disposed. However, disposing of such animals represents great losses, as it interferes with the reproductive management and pregnancy of several females on the farm. In addition, the conventional techniques are irreversible, which means that these animals cannot be used for other purposes. The reversible techniques presented in this study allowed the teasers to successfully identify females in heat without mating with them because there was no exteriorization of the penis. The results of the blood count confirm that the procedures did not generate extensive tissue lesions, stress, pain, inflammation, or infection