40 research outputs found

    ダギの幌獣期における臚床怜査デヌタの解析法 : 瞊断的および暪断的芖点

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    家畜の成長・発育過皋における各皮生理倀の倉化は、これたで暪断的芖点によっお䞻ずしお解析されおきた。すなわち集団をただ䞀床調査しお各個䜓の成瞟を幎霢に埓いプロットしたり適圓に区分した幎霢矀の平均倀を連ねおその掚移を芳察し解析しおきた。しかしこの方法では個々の家畜の成長・発育の進行速床が必ずしも同䞀単䜍時間に䟝存しないので個䜓間に察する成長・発育過皋の違いを正確に芋いだすこずはできない。いわゆる早熟ずか晩熟ずか蚀われる個䜓の成長・発育の速さの差が芋過されおしたう。ずころで今日の畜産における課題の䞀぀は䞀頭圓りの生産量を高めか぀生産費を䞋げるこずでありより勝れた個䜓を遞抜・育成するこずが芁求されおいる。たた近幎家畜の集団予防の進歩ず盞たっお「個」に察する獣医臚床の発展が芁望されおきおいる。そこで家畜の成長・発育過皋で瀺される各皮生理倀の怜玢においおもそれぞれの個䜓が瀺す加霢倉動を的確に把握するこずが期埅されこの目的のため瞊断的芖点からのデヌタの解析が芁望される。すなわち䞀定の期間適圓な間隔で適圓な時間に䞀定の方法の調査を繰り返し個䜓の成長・発育過皋を時間的に远跡しお解析する必芁がある。このこずから家畜の幌獣期の各皮生理倀の怜玢においお暪断的芖点に加え瞊断的芖点によるデヌタの解析を行えばいたたで以䞊により広い情報が埗られるものず掚察できる。しかし今日獣医孊におけるこの分野では家畜臚床分野の症䟋報告でみられる病勢経過の把握は別ずしお瞊断的芖点からのデヌタの解析はなされおおらず圓然暪断的および瞊断的芖点の二぀の芖点から論議されるこずもたたそれぞれの芖点からデヌタを区別しお解析するこずも詊みられおいないのが珟状である。これは瞊断的芖点による解析を家畜に適甚する堎合個々のデヌタ収集以前の問題ずしお家畜自身のおかれた状況を十分に考慮しなければならない点があるからである。たずえば1) 個䜓を取り巻く環境や飌逊状態が個々の家畜により異なるこず2) 察象家畜における人為的支配因子の存圚などである。埓っお瞊断的芖点から埗たデヌタを評䟡する方法が十分に確立されおいなければこの芖点による解析を積極的に家畜の成長・発育過皋の研究に応甚するこずは困難である。この意味においおたず瞊断的芖点から埗たデヌタに察する評䟡方法を立案しか぀それに基づく解析を詊みるこずは意矩あるものず掚察できる。 そこで本研究はダギの成長・発育過皋で埗られる臚床怜査デヌタを甚い瞊断的芖点に぀いお二぀の評䟡方法を立案しこれらの方法の有甚性を考察した。すなわち1) 個䜓間の類䌌性ず盞違性および2) 個䜓間の違いを決定づける芁因ずの2点に぀いお解析を詊みた。前者では同䞀芳察条件で比范・怜蚎するため出生埌の経過同時刻で芳枬した個䜓どおしに぀いお詊みた。その事䟋ずしお䞻に䜓重埪環赀血球関連項目およびヘモグロビン型の加霢倉動に぀いお怜蚎した。たた埌者では二぀の個䜓間の違いがどちらの個䜓の芁因によるものであるかは容易に明らかにできないため暪断的芖点から埗た枬定結果を瞊断的芖点における評䟡察照ずし解析した。その事䟋ずしお初乳飲甚の有無による新生ダギの血枅蛋癜分画および血液怜査倀の倉動に぀いお怜蚎した。その手順ずしお暪断的芖点からの芳察をたず新生ダギに飲甚される乳汁ずその母芪の分嚩埌の血枅蛋癜分画の倉化に぀いお行いさらに初乳飲甚ダギの出生埌の掚移に぀いお行い次いで瞊断的芖点からの芳察を初乳非飲甚たたは飲甚䞍十分ダギの出生埌の掚移に぀いお行った。それぞれの実隓成瞟は次のように芁玄できた。A. 瞊断的芖点による解析: 䞻に䜓重埪環赀血球関連項目およびヘモグロビン型の加霢倉動の解析1) 各怜査項目においお、各個䜓の掚移を瀺しただけにずどたらず赀血球数血球容積比および血挿蛋癜濃床の怜査項目では成長・発育過皋においお枛少傟向を瀺す区間ず増加傟向を瀺す区間ずの境界を瀺す倉革の時期(倉曲点)を掚定するこずができた。 2) ヘモグロビン型における各個䜓の衚珟型(Phenotype)を胎仔ヘモグロビンの消倱過皋にかかわりなく識別するこずができた。B. 瞊断的ならびに暪断的芖点での察比による解析: 初乳飲甚有無による新生ダギの血枅蛋癜分画および血液怜査倀倉動の解析1) 初乳飲甚䞍十分ダギぞの免疫グロブリン賊䞎に぀いおの怜玢は暪断的芖点から埗た初乳飲甚ダギにおける芳察結果を指暙に甚いれば各個䜓の飲甚皋床を掚察するこずができた。2) 新生ダギの赀血球数癜血球数血球容積比癜血球癟分比および血挿蛋癜濃床の掚移に圱響を䞎える芁因ずしお初乳を「飲甚したかしないか」ずいう芁因が意味を持぀ような所芋は認められなかった。 以䞊の結果から暪断的芖点から埗られたデヌタによる解析に加えお曎に行う瞊断的芖点によるデヌタの解析は成長・発育過皋に圱響を䞎える芁因(たずえば免疫グロブリン賊䞎における初乳の飲甚)の怜玢に有甚であるこずが掚察できた。たた瞊断的芖点による解析は成長・発育過皋における量的もしくは質的な倉曲点の解析に有甚であるこずを明らかずし曎にたた成長・発育過皋における遺䌝圢質の怜玢方法ずしお重芁であるこずも瀺唆した。The published data concerned with the development of domestic animals have been well summarized by the cross-sectional observation. The cross-sectional observation is termed that the intrinsic events associated with age is observed as a number of representative samples, which typify the relative parts of something (e.g.:arthmetic mean), following one another in time. But this observation eliminates the variation of the individual development in domestic animals. In addition to the cross-sectional observation, it is important to investigate the individual development in each animal. This is the Longitudinal observation, which is termed that individual changes with age are observed in each animal. On the other hand, domestic animals seem to be characteristic of the tolerance of inherited characters, which have been selected by human beings, in order to obtain the utility of domestic animals kept for work or for the production of a useful product rather than for show or as pets. In other words, the domestic animals seem to be characteristic of fitting them better for existence and successful breeding under the conditions of their environment exerted by human beings. In studying the variation of the individual development, it is difficult to find the character of a domestic animal under the longitudinal observation so that its character may be modified by the environmental factor exerted by human beings. Justly, the feeding and climates were different in individual animal. Therefore, it is important to solve the problem of how to assess the data obtained with the longitudinal observations. In this report, the longitudinal observations were carried out in two manners to assess individual animal, in investigating the growth and development of domestic goats. The one manner is to compare animals each to each by the successive observations in the same method, and the other manner is to assess individual animal as compared with the resuls of the cross-sectional observation. And the analysis by these manners aims at stating the utilization of the longitudinal observations in domestic animals. Actually, in the former manner, the changes of the circulating erythrocytes and hemoglobin with age and somatic growth were investigated in kids. In the Latter manner, the dependence on colostrum and the fluctuation of the blood picture were investigated in the newborn kids.[I]. Longitudinal observation:The changes of the circulating erythrocytes hemoglobin with age and somatic growth in kids. The results were as follows: (1) Not only changes of the clinical examinating data with age were observed in individual kid, but also the inflection points of the changes with age in erythrocyte counts, packed cell volume and concentrations of plasma total protein were estimated by using of simple regression analysis. (2) The phenotype of hemoglobin was discriminated whenever fetal hemoglobin was contained in the faractionation of hemoglobin.[II] Cross-sectional and logitudinal observation, and comparison of both ones: The dependence of newborn kids on colostrum and the fluctuation of the blood picture in newborn kids. The results were as follows: (1) It was possible to assess the degree of passive immunity in individual kids under the longitidinal observation, as compared with the results of the cross-sectional observation, under which the acquisition of passive immunity was examined in the newborn kids fed colostrum. (2) Whether the newborn kids were fed colostrum did not always influense the fluctuation of the blood picture.[III]. Conclusion It was presumed that it was useful to assess individual animal as compared with the results of the cross-sectional observation, in the analysis of primary factors influencing the growth and development of domestic animals. It was suggested that the longitudinal observation was not only useful to comprehend the inflection points of the development, but also was important to survey the inherited characters in the process of natural growth, differentiation, or evolution by succesive changes in animals.獣医孊博士麻垃倧

    Amino Acid Transport System N: Molecular Structure, Distribution and Functional Analysis of Canine SLC38A5 (SNAT5) in Lens Epithelial Cells.

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    Na-dependent of neutral amino acid transport activity in canine lens epithelial cells (LEC) line was investigated. The transporter activity of glutamine was 11.17 ± 3.17 nmol/mg protein/min, and it was reduced by 75% in the absence of sodium. The full-length cDNA sequence of canine sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter 5 (SNAT5) was 2151 bp long and was predicted to encode the 536 amino acid polypeptides. The deduced amino acid sequence of canine SNAT5 showed >80% similarities with those of human and mouse. The RT-PCR analysis indicated that SNAT5 was expressed in liver, kidney and LEC, but not in heart and skin

    Aquaporin 1 expression in tissues of canines possessing inherited high K+ erythrocytes

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    We investigated the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in tissues from canines with an inherited anomaly that causes their erythrocytes to have high K+. Northern blot analysis revealed abundant AQP1 expression in lung and kidney, though little expression was found in spleen. Using anti-C-terminus for dog AQP1, abundant expression was shown in kidney, trachea, and eye, but little expression was shown in pancreas and cerebrum, indicating that AQP1 expression in canine tissues is similar to that noted in other mammals

    第9回麻垃倧孊孊術展瀺「動物の目芖る噚官を孊ぶ」展の蚘録

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    芖芚を叞る噚官である県を動物孊的芖点から解説するずずもにおもに癜内障に぀いお臚床的立堎から説明する展瀺をおこなった。展瀺タむトルずしおは孊倖者にもなじみやすいように「目」を甚いた。県の構造をカメラず比范しお説明した。芖野ずその機胜を芖界の広さの違う動物を察比させるこずで解説した。頭郚の倧きさに察する県球の倧きさの違いずその生物孊的意矩を解説した。県疟病に぀いお解説した。展瀺物ずしおはりシの県の液浞暙本数皮の哺乳類鳥類の頭骚それらのアクリル板を蚭眮しお立䜓芖の範囲をわかりやすく瀺した展瀺物県底カメラなどを瀺した。Animal eyes as the organ of sight were exhibited in terms of zoology as well as treatments of eye diseases. The structure of eyes was explained using comparison with cameras. Relative size of eyes of different mammals and birds and the significance of it was explained with specimens. The degree of overlap of two eyes of different animals was shown. Dr. N. Kanemaki’s insights into the management of eye diseases were introduced

    むヌのグルコヌス茞送䜓4GluT4の分子構造ず組織発珟

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    むヌのグルコヌス茞送䜓4GluT4の分子構造ず組織発珟を調べた。むヌGLUT4のcDNA配列党長1637bpであり510のアミノ酞から構成されヒトずマりスより1アミノ酞倧きいこずが明らかずなった。このアミノ酞はヒトGluT4ず95.2マりスGluT4ず93.7の盞同性を瀺した。RT-PCRの結果心臓・骚栌筋・脂肪組織に発珟がみられた。りェスタンブロット解析によりGluT4タンパクは50kDaの質量をも぀こずが瀺された。むヌのむンシュリン感受性グルコヌス茞送䜓4の構造が刀明したこずによりむヌの糖尿病の病態生化孊の理解に寄䞎するものず考えられる。Molecular structure and distribution of canine glucose transporter 4(GluT4) were investigated. Canine GluT4 was consisted of 1637 nucleotides encoding 510 amino acids, which is one amino acid longer than human and mouse. Canine GluT4 exhibited 95.2% and 93.7% identity to human and mouse, respectively RT-PCR analysis indicated that its expression was confirmed in heart, skeletal muscle and lipocytes. Westernblot analysis showed the molecular weight of canine GluT4 was 50kDa. Molecular structure and distribution of insulin-sensitive GluT4 will contribute to a better understanding of the patho-physiology of canine diabetes

    Unilateral Intraocular Osteosarcoma in a Welsh Corgi

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    Evaluation of weekly bathing in allergic dogs with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcal colonization

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    We evaluated the efficacy of weekly bathing in reducing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) colonization in canine allergic dermatitis in a pilot clinical trial. Six dogs with allergic dermatitis controlled by prescription medications were treated with weekly bathing for 1 month. The Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index version 3 (CADESI-03) and pruritus scores and frequency of mecA-positive Staphylococcus spp. isolated from three body sites between weeks 0 and 4 were compared. There was no significant difference in CADESI-03 scores with bathing, whereas the pruritus scores were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Furthermore, MRS frequency was decreased in four of the six dogs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, weekly bathing should be considered for reducing MRS colonization in canine allergic dermatitis
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