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A multi-approach and multi-scale study on water quantity and quality changes in the Tapajós River basin, Amazon
We analyzed changes in water quantity and quality at different spatial scales within the Tapajós River
basin (Amazon) based on experimental fieldwork, hydrological modelling, and statistical time-trend analysis.
At a small scale, we compared the river discharge (Q) and suspended-sediment concentrations (SSC) of two
adjacent micro-catchments ( < 1 km2) with similar characteristics but contrasting land uses (forest vs. pasture)
using empirical data from field measurements. At an intermediary scale, we simulated the hydrological responses
of a sub-basin of the Tapajós (Jamanxim River basin, 37 400 km2), using a hydrological model (SWAT) and
land-use change scenario in order to quantify the changes in the water balance components due to deforestation.
At the Tapajós’ River basin scale, we investigated trends in Q, sediments, hydrochemistry, and geochemistry
in the river using available data from the HYBAM Observation Service. The results in the micro-catchments
showed a higher runoff coefficient in the pasture (0.67) than in the forest catchment (0.28). At this scale, the SSC
were also significantly greater during stormflows in the pasture than in the forest catchment. At the Jamanxim
watershed scale, the hydrological modelling results showed a 2 % increase in Q and a 5 % reduction of baseflow
contribution to total Q after a conversion of 22 % of forest to pasture. In the Tapajós River, however, trend
analysis did not show any significant trend in discharge and sediment concentration. However, we found upward
trends in dissolved organic carbon and NO− 3 over the last 20 years. Although the magnitude of anthropogenic
impact has shown be scale-dependent, we were able to find changes in the Tapajós River basin in streamflow,
sediment concentration, and water quality across all studied scales
Political and institutional aspects of rainwater harvesting in rural areas of the Brazilian Semi-arid
Aspectos Político-Institucionais do Aproveitamento de Água de Chuva em Áreas Rurais do Semiárido Brasileiro
NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics
Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data