Isoelectric Focusing Studies on Immunochemical Change with Age in Chicken Lens Crystallin

Changes of alpha-, beta- and delta-crystallins of chicken lens soluble protein with age from 7-day embryos to 1.5-year-old chickens were examined by isoelectric focusing and by immunochemical studies with anti chicken total lens crystallin serum and anti chicken beta-crystallin serum. Alpha- and delta-crystallins were isofocused in a narrow pI region (alpha : pi 4.90-5.30 ; delta : pI 4.90-6.60) and this range did not become broader with age. However, the pI range of beta-crystallin gradually became broader during development. On immunochemical analysis, beta-crystallin gave two types of precipitin line, named beta [Ls] and beta [Ls]. The beta [Ls] from 7-day embryos was split into two pI regions (pI 5.91-6.18 and pI 6.41-6.64), whereas that from 10-day embryos was fused into one line (pI 5.99-6.86) and a new precipitin line, beta [Lc], was detected at pI 6.65-6.86. These two types of precipitin line, beta [Ls]and beta [Lc], extended to an alkaline region before hatching, and to all pI regions (pI 4.26-8.19) in chickens of 40-60 days old. However, materials of over pI 7 of both beta [Ls] and beta [Lc] had disappeared in chickens of over 1.5 years old

NOGO-A induction and localization during chick brain development indicate a role disparate from neurite outgrowth inhibition

BACKGROUND: Nogo-A, a myelin-associated protein, inhibits neurite outgrowth and abates regeneration in the adult vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) and may play a role in maintaining neural pathways once established. However, the presence of Nogo-A during early CNS development is counterintuitive and hints at an additional role for Nogo-A beyond neurite inhibition. RESULTS: We isolated chicken NOGO-A and determined its sequence. A multiple alignment of the amino acid sequence across divergent species, identified five previously undescribed, Nogo-A specific conserved regions that may be relevant for development. NOGO gene transcripts (NOGO-A, NOGO-B and NOGO-C) were differentially expressed in the CNS during development and a second NOGO-A splice variant was identified. We further localized NOGO-A expression during key phases of CNS development by in situ hybridization. CNS-associated NOGO-A was induced coincident with neural plate formation and up-regulated by FGF in the transformation of non-neural ectoderm into neural precursors. NOGO-A expression was diffuse in the neuroectoderm during the early proliferative phase of development, and migration, but localized to large projection neurons of the optic tectum and tectal-associated nuclei during architectural differentiation, lamination and network establishment. CONCLUSION: These data suggest Nogo-A plays a functional role in the determination of neural identity and/or differentiation and also appears to play a later role in the networking of large projection neurons during neurite formation and synaptogenesis. These data indicate that Nogo-A is a multifunctional protein with additional roles during CNS development that are disparate from its later role of neurite outgrowth inhibition in the adult CNS

Immunohistochemical study of the Landolt\u27s club cells in the chicken retina

The immunohistochemical specificity of the Landolt\u27s club cells of the chicken retina were studied by the indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase bridge methods with specific antiserum against neuronal filament proteins of these cells. In the tissue, the Landolt\u27s club cells were selectively stained with the specific antiserum (antigen : isoelectric point=6.29, molecular weight=69,000). It appeared that the cells were bipolar and that the cell body lay in the superficial part of the internal nuclear layer. However, it was difficult to observe the dendrites like those of typical bipolar cells which synapse with photoreceptors. No reaction was found in ganglion cells, amacrine cells, horizontal cells and other types of bipolar cells which occupy the zone just inside the external plexiform layer. From the 6th day of tissue culture, the selectively stained bipolar cells appeared on the surface of the monolayer cells. They were small and oval with large, spherical and eccentric nuclei. The cytoplasm was slightly less dense than other neuron cells

Distribution of trace elements around Syowa Station(II) Trace metals distribution in Langhovde

Trace metals (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn) concentration distribution in water and sediment were determined by atomic absorption methods with flame and flameless systems using wet dissolution method. The samples were collected from Langhovde, Antarctica. The result showed an approximate log-normal distribution of concentration of metals in sediment of the Yukidori Valley

ショウワキチ シュウヘン ノ ビリョウ ゲンソ ノ ブンプ (II) ラングホブデ チイキ ノ タイセキブツ チュウ ノ ビリョウ キンゾク ブンプ

堆積物と水中に含有される重金属(銅,鉄,マグネシウム,マンガン,亜鉛)濃度を,湿式分解を使用し,フレームおよびフレームレス原子吸光によって測定した.試料はラングホブデ地区より採取した.その結果,特に雪鳥沢の堆積物中の濃度分布は,ほぼ対数正規分布を示した.Trace metals (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn) concentration distribution in water and sediment were determined by atomic absorption methods with flame and flameless systems using wet dissolution method. The samples were collected from Langhovde, Antarctica. The result showed an approximate log-normal distribution of concentration of metals in sediment of the Yukidori Valley

Concentrations of Trace Metals in Tissues of Several Animals around Syowa Station

Concentrations of trace metals in lung, kidney and liver of Weddell seal, Adelie penguin and snow petrel living around the Syowa Station, Antarctica were determined by atomic absorption methods using flame or flameless system. The results of analysis revealed that the concentration levels of copper, iron, zinc, cadmium and lead in the kidneys of Adelie penguin were ranging 6.5～12.4, 188～255, 26～43, <0.005～0.002 and 0.01～0.03μg per gram dry tissue, respectively. Copper and cadmium were found most concentrated in the kidneys of snow petrels among the animals examined. Concentration ratios of pairs of metals in lungs of animals showed wide ranges both among animals and between right and left lungs except in the case of Weddell seal in which the ratios were exceedingly similar in the both lungs, Mg/Fe being about 0.1, Zn/Fe 0.02～0.03, Pb/Cu 0.01～0.02, and Pb/Zn about 0.004