“Bright spots” in Uzbekistan, reversing land and water degradation while improving livelihoods: key developments and sustaining ingredients for transition economies of the former Soviet Union

Irrigated farming / Water quality / Drainage / Soil fertility / Crop yield / Investment / Uzbekistan / Bukhara Province / Zarafshan River / Dijzzakh Province / Syrdarya Province

Subterranean glacial spillways: an example from the karst of South Wales, UK

Many karst areas in the UK have been glaciated one or more times during the last 0.5 Ma, yet there are few documented examples of caves in these regions being affected by glacial processes other than erosion. The karst of South Wales is one area where sub or pro-glacial modification of pre-existing caves is thought to occur. Evidence from the Ogof Draenen cave system suggests that caves can sometimes act as subterranean glacial ‘underspill’ channels for melt-water. This cave, one of the longest in Britain with a surveyed length of over 70 km, underlies the interfluve between two glaciated valleys. Sediment fills and speleo-morphological observations indicate that melt-water from a high level glacier in the Afon Lwyd valley (>340m asl) filled part of the cave and over-spilled into the neighbouring Usk valley, temporarily reversing non-glacial groundwater flow directions in the cave. It is suggested that this may have occurred during a Middle Pleistocene glaciation

Critical fluctuations of noisy period-doubling maps

We extend the theory of quasipotentials in dynamical systems by calculating, within a broad class of period-doubling maps, an exact potential for the critical fluctuations of pitchfork bifurcations in the weak noise limit. These far-from-equilibrium fluctuations are described by finite-size mean field theory, placing their static properties in the same universality class as the Ising model on a complete graph. We demonstrate that the effective system size of noisy period-doubling bifurcations exhibits universal scaling behavior along period-doubling routes to chaos.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Employee Benefits Managers’ Understanding of Occupational Therapy and Their Influence on Employees’ Knowledge

This study investigated what employee benefits managers know about occupational therapy and the influence they have on employees’ knowledge of, and access to, occupational therapy services. This qualitative research focused on what employee benefits managers know about occupational therapy, how they learned what they know, how they prefer to learn about healthcare services in general, and the reasons they would or would not recommend occupational therapy services to their employees. The study included ten semi-structured interviews with ten employee benefits managers who were employed at nine different organizations. The interviews were coded and analyzed to develop categories and themes in accordance with grounded theory principles. Four primary results emerged from the data. The participants had little or no knowledge of occupational therapy. They learned about occupational therapy through informal, inconsistent methods while at their current job. The participants’ preferred sources for healthcare related information; benefits brokers, seminars/webinars, and employee benefits manager-related organizations, had not provided them with any education on occupational therapy. The participants consistently reported that employee benefits managers could influence what their employees know about occupational therapy and employee access to occupational therapy services, but they did not know enough about occupational therapy to discuss it with employees. These findings can help guide future research, education, and advocacy efforts to improve stakeholders’ knowledge of occupational therapy and the ability for potential clients to learn about and access occupational therapy services

The age of austerity: the impact of welfare reform on people in the North East of England

According to Mark Carney the Governor of the Bank of England the United Kingdom economic outlook is getting brighter: "For the first time in a long time you don’t have to be an optimist to see the glass is half full. The recovery has finally taken hold (Carney 2013).” Unemployment is falling; as have interest rates and GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth has been upgraded from 2.5 per cent to 2.8 per cent for the year 2014. Despite these “green shoots of recovery”, the impact of government austerity measures and social policy decisions means the outlook for millions of citizens remains blea