Evaluation of the SFSK-OOK integrated PLC-VLC system under the influence of sunlight

Abstract: With the widespread of light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a primary source of illumination, visible light communication (VLC) offers a lot of potentials by providing both resources and energy saving advantages. This paper presents a practical implementation of an integration of Power Line Communication (PLC) and VLC. The system uses spread frequency shift keying (S-FSK) and on-off keying (OOK) in the PLC and VLC channel respectively. The system is of low complexity, low cost and dedicated to enhance low data rate application of PLC technology. The practical design is compatible with the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) band A and the test are done on a Chinese home environment where the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) specifies a 3 kHz to 500 kHz band. Results illustrating the effect of sunlight on this system are presented

Monitoring of the medication distribution and the refrigeration temperature in a pharmacy based on internet of things (IoT) technology

Abstract: For the past 15 years since its appearance, Internet of Things (IoT) technology has been leading the planet towards a smart world where all devices and physical objects, referred to as “things”, will be connected via electronic sensors through the Internet. The distribution of medication to patients at a pharmacy in certain regions is still very traditional and outdated. Patients wait for a long time in queues to receive their medications, this is mostly due to the absence of an efficient distribution system. Also, the refrigeration temperature within several pharmacies is a huge problem, as medications must be kept at a constant temperature for an optimal results..

Communication systems of high‐speed railway: A survey

Modern railway services are required to deliver good quality services to the passenger throughout the whole journey. These include improved performances, safety, and reduce delays. There is also the requirement for in‐train customer experience such as infotainment and access to reliable communication systems. The railway industry has employed different types and generations of communication systems in recent times. Signaling systems were used at the early stage of the railway services. Today, communication systems such as the second‐generation communication system, also known as the global system for mobile communications (GSM), the Third‐generation (3G) and the Fourth‐generation (4G) are utilized in the railway industry. In this paper, we present a brief history of railway communication systems, their features and applications. In addition, we discuss the technical challenges and potential solutions of in‐train communication systems and how data can be distributed on‐board and between the train coaches using state of the art and hybrid communication technologies