Iterative Technique for Analysis and Design of Circular Leaky-Wave Antenna for the 2.45 GHz RFID Applications

This chapter proposes another scaled-down receiving wire for Radio Frequency Identification uses of 2.45 GHz. Our design comprises of a roundabout microstrip fix radio wire which integrates two concentric annular openings imprinted on multi-facet substrates. The transmission capacity, one of the main qualities of radio wire, can be essentially improved by utilizing a multi-facet dielectric setup. We point by this review to show that the impact of emanating structure stacked by annular rings for the fixed size decrease as well as the benefit of this construction is to make a roundabout polarization toward maximal radiation design. The wave idea iterative method is utilized to examine this new radio wire. Utilizing the proposed technique, less figuring time and memory are expected to work out the electromagnetic boundaries of our plan. The approval of the consequences of our created model was checked with realized business programming called “CST Microwave Studio Software” trailed by a trial test. As per the arrived results, we can decide that our new plan radio wire is reasonable for RFID applications in the 2.45 GHz band

DESIGN OF SMART VERTICAL HYDROPONIC SYSTEM

ABSTRACT All horticultural regions of the world have fundamentally developed in the programmatic era through farmer impact and imaginative development practices. The methods described are used to monitor satisfaction and crop yields. Because of the quality of the soil and the nourishment of the land, their cultivation has improved and created more money. The disadvantage is that it took them a long speculation to acquire the crops, and the level of nutrition was not usually put at its obvious level. In addition, many areas were devoted to production, which required a lot of work to treat the whole area. In order to control the time and methods well, the majority of the regions switched to careful development principles with IoT structures. Growing on water is the most progressive strategy to grow natural plants, vegetables and fruits without using land. The use of Rockwool in agricultural strategies where water contamination is possible for a certain period will result in huge yields and the requirement of longer growing times will be waived. Most of the countries that have practiced smart and economic development with little external intervention. IoT sensors are used in the water cultivation development system to test the situation and quality of yields continuously. They will effectively provide information to the whole system when the water or nutrient level has dropped. In the beginning, the development of hydroponics was done horizontally in small spaces in order to maintain the water flow. Today, it is applied on a vertical structure to save space and water flows when needed. With this method, yields are likely to be achieved even more space-efficiently and with little external intervention. Vertical hydroponics performs better than previous conventional approaches; perhaps the farmers in the extension unit have considered the cost of the total layout. This evaluation paper describes the use of procedures and development of automated methods using IoT platforms. Many reference materials can be used big data

Effect of Complementary Split Ring Resonator Structure on PIFA Antenna

Abstract This paper proposes a new design of Planar Inverted-F Antenna with complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs). The operating frequency of this antenna is 2.425 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application. The method is to incorporate a single CSRR cell and a periodic array CSRRs on the radiating patch. We studied the effect of this method on the characteristics of antenna in free space and in the presence of the user. We used a homogeneous model of a human head near our antenna. The parameters that considered in these works are gain, electric field, magnetic field, return loss, radiation pattern, power loss density and Specific Absorption Rate. The addition of CSRRs on to PIFA antenna will improve the gain from 4.76 dB to 4.81 dB and will reduce the Specific Absorption Rate from 3.57 W/kg to 2.95 W/kg