The effects of medium-oil dried distillers grains with solubles on growth performance and carcass traits in finishing pigs

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of increasing medium-oil dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; 7.4% fat, 28.1% CP, 10.8% ADF, and 25.6% NDF) on growth performance and carcass traits in finishing pigs. A total of 288 pigs (PIC 327 × 1050; initially 151.8 lb) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments. Treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal control diet or the control diet with 15, 30, or 45% medium-oil DDGS, with 8 pigs per pen and 8 replications per treatment. Increasing medium-oil DDGS decreased (linear, P < 0.01) ADG and worsened (linear, P < 0.02) F/G. In addition, final BW, HCW, carcass yield, and loin-eye depth decreased (linear, P < 0.03), and jowl iodine value (IV) increased (linear, P < 0.001) with increasing medium-oil DDGS. When pigs are fed traditional DDGS containing >10.5% fat, each 10% DDGS added to the diet increases jowl IV approximately 2 mg/g; however, feeding increasing medium-oil DDGS increased jowl IV only about 1.4 units per each 10% DDGS. In conclusion, swine producers must be aware of the negative ramifications on growth performance of using medium-oil DDGS in swine diets

The effect of Bacillus probiotic on growth performance and fecal consistency of growing-finishing pigs

A total of 1,099 pigs (PIC 1050 × 337; initially 75 lb) were used in a 104-d study to determine the influence of a Bacillus product and diet type on growth performance, carcass traits, fecal consistency, and pen cleaning time in growing-finishing pigs raised under commercial conditions. Pens of pigs were balanced by initial weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 26 to 27 pigs per pen and 7 replications per treatment. Treatments were arranged as a 3 × 2 factorial with main effects of Bacillus product (0, 1x, or 10x) and diet type (corn-soybean meal or a by-product diet with 30% dried distillers grains with solubles [DDGS] and 20% bakery). The dose of Bacillus in the diet was approximately 200 million cfu/g feed for the 1x level and 2 billion cfu/g feed for the 10x level. Fecal consis- tency and manure buildup in each pen was scored at the end of the trial by 3 observers with the average value per pen used for analysis. Time required to wash each individual pen was also recorded. Overall (d 0 to 104), no differences were found in growth performance or carcass composition for pigs fed the Bacillus product; however, pigs fed the 1x level of Bacillus tended (quadratic, P = 0.10) to have the lowest ADG. Manure texture score tended to increase (linear, P = 0.07) as Bacillus dose increased, indicating that pigs fed the Bacillus product had firmer stools. For diet formulation, pigs fed the diet containing by-prod- ucts had increased (P = 0.01) ADFI compared with pigs fed the corn-soybean meal diet. With no difference in ADG, feed efficiency was poorer (P \u3c 0.01) for pigs fed by-product diets. Pens that contained pigs fed by-product diets required more (P \u3c 0.01) time to wash, which appeared to be the result of looser manure texture (P = 0.09) and increased (P = 0.08) manure buildup in pens where pigs were fed by-product-based diets. The Bacillus product tested did not improve growth performance, but altered fecal consistency and barn wash time.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 201

Determining the effects of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio and tryptophan source in diets containing dried distillers grains with solubles on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs

A total of 2,290 pigs (PIC 1050 × 337; initially 157 lb) were used to determine the effect of tryptophan source (L-tryptophan vs. soybean meal) and increasing SID tryptophan:lysine ratio in diets containing 30% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on finishing pig performance. Pens of pigs were balanced by initial weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 7 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 26 to 28 pigs per pen and 10 to 13 replications per treatment. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of tryptophan source (L-tryptophan or soybean meal) and SID tryptophan:lysine ratio (18, 20, and 22% of lysine). The seventh treatment was a negative control diet formulated to a 16% SID tryptophan:lysine ratio.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 201

Effects of feeding different dietary net energy levels to growing-finishing pigs when dietary lysine is adequate

A total of 543 pigs (PIC 1050 × 327: PIC Hendersonville, TN) were used in 2 consecutive experiments with initial BW of 105 and 125 lb in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. The objective was to validate the regression equations predicting growth rate and feed efficiency of growing-finishing pigs based on dietary NE content by comparing actual and predicted performance. Thus, the 5 treatments included diets with: (1) 30% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), 20% wheat middlings, and 4 to 5% soybean hulls (low-energy); (2) 20% wheat middlings and 4 to 5% soybean hulls (low-energy); (3) a corn-soybean meal diet (medium-energy); (4) diet 2 supplemented with 3.7% choice white grease (CWG) to equalize NE level to diet 3 (medium-energy); and (5) a corn-soybean meal diet with 3.7% CWG (high-energy). In Experiments 1 and 2, increasing dietary NE increased (linear, P \u3c 0.01) final weight, ADG, and improved feed efficiency but decreased (P \u3c 0.11) ADFI. Only small differences were observed between the predicted and observed values of ADG and feed efficiency, except for the low-energy diet containing the highest fiber content (30% DDGS, wheat middlings and soy hulls; diet 1). Carcass weight and carcass yield increased (linear, P = 0.01) with increasing dietary NE. Also, backfat depth increased (linear, P = 0.01), loin depth decreased (quadratic, P = 0.05), and lean percentage decreased (linear, P = 0.01) with increasing dietary NE (linear, P = 0.01). Jowl iodine value (IV) also decreased with increasing dietary NE. No differences (P \u3e 0.26) in net energy caloric efficiency (NEE) on a live weight basis were observed with increasing dietary NE. Nevertheless, feeding 30% DDGS (diet 1) resulted in a poorer (P = 0.05) NEE on a carcass basis compared with feeding the other diets. In conclusion, the prediction equations provided a good estimate of growth rate and feed efficiency of growing-finishing pigs fed different levels of dietary NE except for the pigs fed low-energy diet containing highest fiber content (diet 1). These predictions of growth performance can be used to model the economic value of different dietary energy strategies.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 201

Effects of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan: lysine ratio on growth performance of nursery pigs

Citation: Goncalves, M. A. D., Nitikanchana, S., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., Bello, N. M., Goodband, R. D., . . . Woodworth, J. C. (2015). Effects of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan: lysine ratio on growth performance of nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 93(8), 3909-3918. doi:10.2527/jas2015-9083Two experiments were conducted to estimate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio requirement for growth performance of nursery pigs. Experimental diets were formulated to ensure that lysine was the second limiting AA throughout the experiments. In Exp. 1 (6 to 10 kg BW), 255 nursery pigs (PIC 327 x 1050, initially 6.3 +/- 0.15 kg, mean +/- SD) arranged in pens of 6 or 7 pigs were blocked by pen weight and assigned to experimental diets (7 pens/diet) consisting of SID Trp: Lys ratios of 14.7%, 16.5%, 18.4%, 20.3%, 22.1%, and 24.0% for 14 d with 1.30% SID Lys. In Exp. 2 (11 to 20 kg BW), 1,088 pigs (PIC 337 x 1050, initially 11.2 kg +/- 1.35 BW, mean +/- SD) arranged in pens of 24 to 27 pigs were blocked by average pig weight and assigned to experimental diets (6 pens/diet) consisting of SID Trp: Lys ratios of 14.5%, 16.5%, 18.0%, 19.5%, 21.0%, 22.5%, and 24.5% for 21 d with 30% dried distillers grains with solubles and 0.97% SID Lys. Each experiment was analyzed using general linear mixed models with heterogeneous residual variances. Competing heteroskedastic models included broken-line linear (BLL), broken-line quadratic (BLQ), and quadratic polynomial (QP). For each response, the best-fitting model was selected using Bayesian information criterion. In Exp. 1 (6 to 10 kg BW), increasing SID Trp: Lys ratio linearly increased (P 24.0%]) SID Trp: Lys ratio. For G: F, the best-fitting model was a BLL in which the maximum G: F was estimated at 20.4% (95% CI: [14.3%, 26.5%]) SID Trp: Lys. In Exp. 2 (11 to 20 kg BW), increasing SID Trp: Lys ratio increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G: F in a quadratic manner. For ADG, the best-fitting model was a QP in which the maximum ADG was estimated at 21.2% (95% CI: [20.5%, 21.9%]) SID Trp: Lys. For G: F, BLL and BLQ models had comparable fit and estimated SID Trp: Lys requirements at 16.6% (95% CI: [16.0%, 17.3%]) and 17.1% (95% CI: [16.6%, 17.7%]), respectively. In conclusion, the estimated SID Trp: Lys requirement in Exp. 1 ranged from 20.4% for maximum G: F to 23.9% for maximum ADG, whereas in Exp. 2 it ranged from 16.6% for maximum G: F to 21.2% for maximum ADG. These results suggest that standard NRC (2012) recommendations may underestimate the SID Trp: Lys requirement for nursery pigs from 11 to 20 kg BW

Evaluation of different zinc sources and levels on nursery pig performance

Swine Industry Day, 2014 is known as Swine Day, 2014A total of 294 pigs (PIC 327 × 1050, initially 14.1 lb BW) were used in a 31-d trial to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of two different zinc sources on nursery pig growth performance. Pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and were fed pelleted diets for the first 7 d and a mash diet for 24 d of the 31-d trial. Each treatment had 7 replicate pens with 7 pigs per pen. The 6 experimental diets were: (1) a control diet; (2) a diet with 500 ppm of Zn from Zinco+; (3) a diet with 1,500 ppm of added Zn from Zinco+; (4) a diet with 500 ppm of Zn from zinc oxide (ZnO); (5) a diet with 1,500 ppm of Zn from ZnO; and (6) a diet with 3,000 ppm of Zn from ZnO. All diets contained 110 ppm of Zn from the ZnSO4 provided by the trace mineral premix. Zinco+ (Jefo, Quebec, Canada) is a fat-encapsulated form of ZnO that is suggested to be more bioavailable than ZnO. From d 0 to 7, neither Zn source nor level influenced pig performance. From d 7 to 21, pigs fed increasing Zn from Zinco+ tended to have increased (linear, P = 0.06) ADG and had improved F/G (linear, P < 0.01). Pigs fed increasing levels of Zn from ZnO had greater ADG and ADFI (linear, P < 0.01) and improved F/G (quadratic, P = 0.02). Pigs had greater (P < 0.01) ADG and ADFI when fed diets containing 3,000 ppm of Zn from ZnO compared with pigs fed diets with 500 ppm of Zn from Zinco+. Day 21 BW increased with increasing Zn from Zinco+ (linear, P < 0.03) and Zn from ZnO (P < 0.001), with pigs fed 3,000 ppm of Zn from ZnO having heavier (P < 0.01) d-21 BW compared with those fed 500 ppm of Zn from Zinco+. Overall, from d 0 to 31, increasing Zn from Zinco+ did not affect growth performance, but increasing Zn from ZnO increased (P < 0.01) ADG and ADFI. Pigs fed 500 ppm of Zn from Zinco+ had poorer ADG (P < 0.02) and ADFI (P < 0.01) than pigs fed 3,000 ppm of Zn from ZnO. This study shows the growth benefits of adding 3,000 ppm of Zn from ZnO in diets fed to newly weaned pigs. Lower levels of Zn from Zinco+ did not provide the same growth-promoting potential as the diet with 3,000 ppm of Zn from ZnO

Meta-analysis comparing growth performance, carcass characteristics, and water usage of growing-finishing pigs fed using conventional dry and wet-dry feeders

Fifteen trials were used for meta-analyses comparing the effects of conventional dry (CD) and wet-dry (WD) feeders on growth performance, carcass traits, and water usage of growing-finishing pigs. The meta-analysis indicated that pigs fed with WD feeders consistently had greater (P < 0.01) ADG (0.09 lb/d) and ADFI compared with those fed with CD feeders; however, although highly variable, no overall difference (P = 0.93) was observed in F/G. As a result of improved growth rate, final BW and HCW of pigs fed with WD feeders was 3.2% greater (P 0.14) among feeder types. Water usage for pigs fed with WD feeders was 0.4 gal/pig/d less (P = 0.02) than for pigs using CD feeders. Growing-finishing pigs fed with WD feeders had increased growth rate, feed intake, final BW, and HCW, but deposited more fat as indicated by greater backfat and lower percentage lean

The effects of MicroSource S on growth performance, fecal consistency, and postcleaning microbial load of growing-finishing pigs

A total of 1,245 pigs (PIC 1050 × 337, initially 106 lb) were used in a 90-d study to determine the effects of MicroSource S (DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Parsippany, NJ) and diet type on growth performance, carcass traits, fecal consistency, pen cleaning time, and postcleaning microbial load in growing-finishing pigs raised under commercial conditions. Pens of pigs were balanced by initial weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 25 to 26 pigs per pen and 8 replications per treatment. Treatments were arranged as a 3 × 2 factorial with main effects of MicroSource S (0, 1×, or 1.3×) and diet type (corn-soybean meal or a by-product–based diet with 30% dried distillers grains with solubles [DDGS] and 15% bakery by-product). The MicroSource S dose in the diet was 147 million cfu/g feed for the 1× level and 191 million cfu/g feed for the 1.3× level. Fecal consistency and manure buildup in each pen was scored at the end of the trial by 3 observers with the average value per pen used for analysis. Time required to wash each individual pen was also recorded. After pens were cleaned and dried, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) testing was used to measure microbial load in each pen

Effects of feeder design (conventional dry vs. wet-dry) on growth performance of 45- to 246-lb pigs

A total of 1,253 pigs (PIC 1050 × 337; initially 45 lb) were used in a 104-d study to evaluate the effects of using a wet-dry (WD) or conventional dry (CD) feeder on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. At the start of the trial, pens of pigs were weighed and randomly allotted to 1 of the 2 feeder types. The CD feeder was a single-sided, 56-in.-wide, stainless steel feeder (Thorp Equipment, Inc., Thorp, WI) with 4 14-in. feeding spaces and a 4.25-in.-deep trough. A cup waterer in pens using CD feeders ensured ad libitum access to water as well as feed. The WD feeder was double-sided (15-in.-wide feeder opening on each side) with a single nipple waterer (Crystal Springs, GroMaster, Inc., Omaha, NE), and the feeder was the only source of water. All pigs were fed the same corn-soybean meal diets containing 30% bakery by-product and 10 to 45% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) during 5 dietary phases. For the overall period, pigs fed with the WD feeder had greater ADG (P < 0.01) and ADFI (P = 0.01) with no differences in F/G (P = 0.50) compared with pigs fed using the CD feeder. This study confirms previous results where pigs fed using a WD feeder have greater ADG and ADFI than those fed with a CD feeder