Wino Dark Matter and Future dSph Observations

We discuss the indirect detection of the wino dark matter utilizing gamma-ray observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs). After carefully reviewing current limits with particular attention to astrophysical uncertainties, we show prospects of the wino mass limit in future gamma-ray observation by the Fermi-LAT and the GAMMA-400 telescopes. We find that the improvement of the so-called $J$-factor of both the classical and the ultra-faint dSphs will play a crucial role to cover whole mass range of the wino dark matter. For example, with $\delta (\log_{10}J) = 0.1$ for both the classical and the ultra-faint dSphs, whole wino dark matter mass range can be covered by 15 years and 10 years data at the Fermi-LAT and GAMMA-400 telescopes, respectively.Comment: 32 pages, 13 figure

Functional and expressional analyses of apple FLC-like in relation to dormancy progress and flower bud development.

We previously identified the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)-like gene, a MADS-box transcription factor gene that belongs to Arabidopsis thaliana L. FLC clade, in apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.), and its expression in dormant flower buds is positively correlated with cumulative cold exposure. To elucidate the role of the MdFLC-like in the dormancy process and flower development, we first characterized the phenotypes of MdFLC-like overexpressing lines with the Arabidopsis Columbia-0 background. The overexpression of MdFLC-like significantly delayed the bolting date and reduced the plant size, but it did not significantly affect the number of rosette leaves or flower organ formation. Thus, MdFLC-like may affect vegetative growth and development rather than flowering when expressed in Arabidopsis, which is not like Arabidopsis FLC that affects development of flowering. We compared seasonal expression patterns of MdFLC-like in low-chill ‘Anna’ and high-chill ‘Fuji’ and ‘Tsugaru’ apples collected from trees grown in a cold winter region in temperate zone and found an earlier upregulation in ‘Anna’ compared with ‘Fuji’ and ‘Tsugaru’. Expression patterns were also compared in relation to developmental changes in the flower primordia during the chilling accumulation period. Overall, MdFLC-like was progressively upregulated during flower primordia differentiation and development in autumn to early winter and reached a maximum expression level at around the same time as the genotype-dependent chilling requirements were fulfilled in high-chill cultivars. Thus, we hypothesize MdFLC-like may be upregulated in response to cold exposure and flower primordia development during the progress of endodormancy. Our study also suggests MdFLC-like may have a growth-inhibiting function during the end of endodormancy and ecodormancy when the temperature is low and unfavorable for rapid bud outgrowth

Overview of Legal Systems in the Asia-Pacific Region: Japan

This article provides a general description of the legal system of Japan. It further discusses aspects of legal education and legal practice in that country

The Mikabu and Chichibu belts in the Iya-gawa area, Tokushima Prefecture, Shikoku, SW Japan : An integrated research of geology and geomorphology

The Mikabu and Chichibu belts in the Iya-gawa area are studied with respect to their composition, boundaries and the relation with landslides. The Kyobashira-Sugeoi Fault bound the Mikabu Greenstone Belt from the Sambagawa Belt. The Kubo Greenstone body, a part of the Mikabu Greenstone, distributes as an axial part of antiform in the southern margin of the Sambagawa Belt. The Mikabu Greenstone of the area is composed of tholeiitic and alkaline rocks. The Mikabu Greenstone thrust to the south with the Okoyatoko-Nagoro Fault upon the Jurassic accretionary complex of the North Chichibu Belt. Even the phillite generally dipping towards the north in the northern part of the North Chichibu Belt, the oceanic-plate successions of chert-mudstone sequences are stratigraphically upper towards the south. The radiolarian age, estimated at the lithological transition from chert to mudstone in the oceanic-plate sequences, is Early Jurassic. The landslides concentrate in the areas of the Mikabu Greenstone and valley walls along the Iya-gawa River. The linear depressions and ponds, arrange on the mountain ridge between the Miune and Tengu-Zuka along the southern border of the Mikabu Greenstone, are regarded as a sign of large-scale collapse by long-period gravitational mass rock deformation of the mountain body. The weathered zone of the Mikabu Greenstone often includes swelling clay that causes landslides in the area

トクシマケン アナブキガワ ジョウリュウ コヤダイラ ノ チシツ ト チケイ

The Mikabu and Chichibu belts in the Anabukigawa arre were studied with respect to their composition， boundaries and the relation with landslides. The main body of the Mikabu Greenstones is composed of the MORB-type tholeiite, and the Hawaiian and Polynesian-type alkaline basalts. The greenstones are dominated by dolerite intrusions into bedded-cherts. The coincidence of the chemical composition attributes the Taigo and Nakano greenstone bodies to the Mikabu Greenstones. The limestone phyllite of the Mt. Tsurugi was dated by the occurrence of Late Carboniferous conodonts. The co-occurrence of conodonts and crinoids suggests that the limestone originates from the tropical reef settings.The Fujinoike-dani Valley and the southern slope along the Anabukigawa River are characterized by the frequent occurrence of landslides and collupse of forest road-cuts. Because the faults，that cut the North Chichibu Belt，an d bounds from the Mikabu Greenstone Belt as well as the Kaminirogawa-Akuigawa Fault that obliquely cut them later，are concentrated in the Fujinoike-dani Valley and the southern slope along the Anabukigawa Riiver.The landslides are concentrated along the valley walls of the Anabukigawa River where Mikabu Greenstones and the Sanbagawa green and pelitic schists occur. The distribution of landslides in the area is controlled by the lithology (distribution of greenstone and schists)，the coincidence of their dipping with valley wall, the contents of swelling clay minerals in the weathered materials， and the changes in rock properties of pelitic schists due to weathering

The "Rou-Seki" marble from Nakano in Ichiu area, East Shikoku : research of marbles relating with the construction of National Diet Building of Japan in Tokyo

国会議事堂関連石材として文献資料に登場する一宇中野の「ろう石」大理石を調査し，採掘跡を確認した。「ろう石」は三波川帯南縁に露出する中野緑色岩類北縁に随伴する石灰質片岩である。その採掘跡は，文献に記述された大正末～昭和初期の当時の状況で残されていることが確認された。徳島県産大理石としては，稀少な石灰質片岩であり，近代初期の採掘跡として貴重であることから，その保存と内外への紹介が期待される

Amendment of the Japanese Consensus Guidelines for Autoimmune Pancreatitis, 2013 II. Extrapancreatic lesions, differential diagnosis

Published online: 25 March 2014ArticleJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY. 49(5):765-784 (2014)journal articl

A retrospective comparative study of recombinant human thrombomodulin and gabexate mesilate in sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation patients

The novel biological agent recombinant human thrombomodulin (rhTM) has been used clinically in Japan to treat disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) since 2008. Previous studies have shown the efficacy of rhTM versus heparin therapy or non-rhTM therapy. We retrospectively evaluated and compared the efficacies of rhTM and gabexate mesilate (GM) in patients diagnosed with sepsis-induced DIC. From September 2010 to October 2012, patients with sepsis-induced DIC who were treated with rhTM (n = 13) or GM (n = 10) at Nagasaki Municipal Hospital were extracted. Patients receiving other anticoagulants in combination were excluded. Clinical information, laboratory data, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and DIC scores were obtained from the medical records. Mortality at days 7 and 30 after DIC diagnosis and changes in laboratory data and SOFA scores from days 1-7 were evaluated. The groups\u27 clinical characteristics did not differ, except for the relatively higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the rhTM group (P = 0.0508). The survival rates of the rhTM and GM groups on days 7 and 30 were 92.3%, 69.2% and 80%, 70%, respectively, both group indicated similar mortality. However, on day 7, the platelet counts, SOFA scores, and CRP levels significantly improved in the rhTM group; the platelet counts and SOFA scores did not improve significantly in the GM group. The platelet counts of the rhTM group significantly improved compared to the GM group (P = 0.004). Recombinant human thrombomodulin might be more effective for sepsis-induced DIC than GM