369 research outputs found
Gaussian expansion analysis of a matrix model with the spontaneous breakdown of rotational symmetry
Recently the gaussian expansion method has been applied to investigate the
dynamical generation of 4d space-time in the IIB matrix model, which is a
conjectured nonperturbative definition of type IIB superstring theory in 10
dimensions. Evidence for such a phenomenon, which is associated with the
spontaneous breaking of the SO(10) symmetry down to SO(4), has been obtained up
to the 7-th order calculations. Here we apply the same method to a simplified
model, which is expected to exhibit an analogous spontaneous symmetry breaking
via the same mechanism as conjectured for the IIB matrix model. The results up
to the 9-th order demonstrate a clear convergence, which allows us to
unambiguously identify the actual symmetry breaking pattern by comparing the
free energy of possible vacua and to calculate the extent of ``space-time'' in
each direction.Comment: 23 pages, 20 figures, LaTe
Ionic Liquid Electrospray Thruster with Two-Stage Electrodes On Glass Substrate
2023 IEEE 36th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 15-19 Jan. 2023.This paper reports ion emission of an ionic liquid electrospray thrustor with two-stage electrodes made on glass substrate having through hole for low-cost micro/nano satellites. By using the two-stage electrodes, one for ion extraction and the other for acceleration, high and stable ion emission and propulsion force is obtained. The emitter array was fabricated on a silicon wafer and the electrodes were fabricated on both sides of a glass substrate. The ion emission test was conducted, and the emission current was observed successfully. Almost no ions were collected on the accelerator electrode and reached to the collector electrode, which demonstrates the advantage of the two-stage configuration
Simple Fabrication of Silicon Nanowires by Zinc-Thermal Reduction of Silicon Tetrachloride at 773 K
This paper reports a simple Si nanowire (SiNW) production process based on zinc-thermal reduction of SiCl₄ in a sealed Pyrex® tube at 773 K. SiNWs with a diameter of about 300 nm were produced without any catalysts. The SiNWs consisted mainly of an amorphous phase, but also including a minor microcrystalline component. The introduction of Au nanoparticles to the reaction tube wall facilitated crystallization and resulted in the growth of thinner SiNWs. The typical diameter of these SiNWs was 10–20 nm. The simple apparatus and low operating temperature of this new process are advantageous in producing SiNWs on both industrial and laboratory scales
Formation of Si Nanowires by Direct Electrolytic Reduction of Porous SiO₂ Pellets in Molten CaCl₂
The effects of starting material and catalyst on the morphology of produced Si have been investigated for the direct electrolytic reduction of porous SiO₂ pellets in molten CaCl₂ at 1123 K. The Si nanowires (SiNWs) were produced using amorphous SiO₂ pellets with a tetrapod-like microstructure as the starting material, whereas plate-like Si was obtained from pellets made of spherical fumed SiO₂. The SiNWs showed irregular branching and a wide distribution of diameters as the electrolysis proceeded. On the other hand, elongated SiNWs were formed during the electrolysis of pellets comprised of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and tetrapod-like microstructured SiO₂ powder. This suggests that AuNPs work as catalysts for longitudinal nanowire growth in the present electrolytic process
Preparation and electrical properties of Li–Si–Al–O–N ceramics
AbstractCeramic samples were synthesized by hot pressing mixtures of Li3N, Si3N4, AlN, Al2O3, and Li2CO3 with nominal compositions of LiSi2−xAlxOxN3−x (x=0–0.75) at 20MPa and 1773–2073K in a N2 atmosphere of 0.10MPa. The samples prepared with nominal compositions, x=0.25 and 0.50, showed electronic conductivities of 2.2 and 4.2Sm−1 at room temperature with activation energies of 3.8 and 3.9kJmol−1, respectively. Electronic conductive parts were detected in the sample of x=0.50 by conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM). In this sample, a glassy thin layer, having a Si/Al atomic ratio of 3.8, was observed between the grains of LiSi2−xAlxOxN3−x solid solution by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It was expected that the glassy phase of grain boundaries is an electronic conductive pathway besides the conductive parts observed by AFM
Convergence of the Gaussian Expansion Method in Dimensionally Reduced Yang-Mills Integrals
We advocate a method to improve systematically the self-consistent harmonic
approximation (or the Gaussian approximation), which has been employed
extensively in condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics. We
demonstrate the {\em convergence} of the method in a model obtained from
dimensional reduction of SU() Yang-Mills theory in dimensions. Explicit
calculations have been carried out up to the 7th order in the large-N limit,
and we do observe a clear convergence to Monte Carlo results. For the convergence is already achieved at the 3rd order, which suggests that
the method is particularly useful for studying the IIB matrix model, a
conjectured nonperturbative definition of type IIB superstring theory.Comment: LaTeX, 4 pages, 5 figures; title slightly changed, explanations added
(16 pages, 14 figures), final version published in JHE
Three-Year Survey of the Epidemiology of Rotavirus, Enteric Adenovirus, and Some Small Spherical Viruses Including " Osaka-Agent " Associated with Infantile Diarrhea
Systematic study of the SO(10) symmetry breaking vacua in the matrix model for type IIB superstrings
We study the properties of the space-time that emerges dynamically from the
matrix model for type IIB superstrings in ten dimensions. We calculate the free
energy and the extent of space-time using the Gaussian expansion method up to
the third order. Unlike previous works, we study the SO(d) symmetric vacua with
all possible values of d within the range , and observe clear
indication of plateaus in the parameter space of the Gaussian action, which is
crucial for the results to be reliable. The obtained results indeed exhibit
systematic dependence on d, which turns out to be surprisingly similar to what
was observed recently in an analogous work on the six-dimensional version of
the model. In particular, we find the following properties: i) the extent in
the shrunken directions is given by a constant, which does not depend on d; ii)
the ten-dimensional volume of the Euclidean space-time is given by a constant,
which does not depend on d except for d = 2; iii) The free energy takes the
minimum value at d = 3. Intuitive understanding of these results is given by
using the low-energy effective theory and some Monte Carlo results.Comment: 33 pages, 10 figures; minor corrections, reference added. arXiv admin
note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1007.088
- …