ヒサイ シボウシャ ノ シイン ブンセキ カラ

A comparative study on factors of quake death between recent two earthquakes in Japan, the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake（1995）and the Niigata Chuetsu earthquake（2004）was performed.For the difference of their natural and social attributes, the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake was occurred in the urban and heavily populated area and the Niigata Chuetsu earthquake was occurred in the rural and sparsely populated area, differences of their structural damages and human casualties and issues for countermeasure to mass-disaster were marked in occasional. Inhuman casualties, there was found an imperceptible difference between them. Deaths by traumaticasphyxia under the collapsed housing were main events and deaths at the place to work and／or to drop in were lesser, however they were found within both earthquakes. On suchcritical situation, without checking on the safety of family members, few staff is possible to concentrate on duty. For business continuity on mass-disaster, it is absolutely necessary to establish collecting system of confirmation of the safety of staffs’ family

ダイキボ サイガイジ ノ シイン チョウサ ニツイテ

Medical examiners of Hyogo Prefecture performed the medical investigation for human casualties on the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. The collaboration between medical and architectonics brought the most effective and integral disaster countermeasure for reduction of human casualties which strengthen existing houses and buildings. Thus, not just earthquake disaster, medical investigation for human casualties on natural, industrial and/or criminal disaster is the most elemental research to draw countermeasure of mass-disaster. In recent, emerging social instability, it is necessary to establish the medical investigation system for suspicious deaths with the purpose of realization to local community with reassurance and safety

Are lectin positive spherical deposits detected in the molecular layer of the hippocampal formation related with neuronal apoptosis?

Previously, multi-lectin positive spherical shaped deposits were detected in the hippocampal formation of degenerative demented and schizophrenic brains and reported they possessed some possibility as a predominant tool of postmortem diagnosis, more detected in schizophrenia cases than age-matched control cases. Multi-fluorescent immunohistochemical and lectin histochemical method and immuno electron microscope method were performed on 51 forensic autopsied brains containing 16 cases of schizophrenia. In multi-fluorescent staining, partial disrupted nucleus with decreased staining properties by mean of SYBR green were detected, and lectin and single strand DNA were co-stained in the portion of partial disrupted nucleus. In immuno electron microscope method, lectin positive structures were also detected in the portion of partial disrupted nucleus. These neurons were suspected in the process of apoptosis by their distinguishable features. Some experimental studies were reported that a kind of therapeutic products of major tranquillizers induced neuron apoptosis in dentate gyrus. As the lectin positive spherical shaped deposits were detected in not only 5 schizophrenia cases without drug treatment but also in 11 schizophrenia cases with drug treatment in this study, they might be detected as the intrinsic pathological change of schizophrenia. The lectin positive spherical shaped deposits detected in the hippocampal formation were suspected as the histopathological marker of the postmortem diagnosis for schizophrenia. Further examination for specifying group of neurons detected them in and initiated apoptosis are necessitated

Strategies for sudden death in the disaster area after the next Great Nankai earthquake.

Number of sudden death cases from cardiovascular disease and pneumonia increased transiently and number of suicide cases decreased transiently after the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake in Kobe City. These events were more common among males than females and especially in suicide cases, thirties and fifties particularly showed a reduction in 1995. Although mortality from direct and mechanical force by earthquake effected to females more than males, acute and subacute psychological and/or physical stress after major quake effected to males more than females. In order to prevent disaster-related deaths, it is necessary to prevent thrombus formation and decreased immune function. For this purpose, appropriate water intake and stress reduction are important, and it is effective for immune dysfunction and gastric mucosal lesions. In addition, antibiotics and gastric mucosal protectants may also be effective. Pulmonary embolism can be prevented with appropriate exercise, and with regard to dialysis, it is important to disseminate information to disaster areas

シイン チョウサ カラ ボウサイ タイサク エ : ハンシン カラ ナンカイ エ

An interdisciplinary research series of human casualties on the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake and the Niigata Chuetsu earthquake was performed. For the difference of their natural and social attributes, the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake was occurred in the urban and heavily populated area and the Niigata Chuetsu earthquake was occurred in the rural and sparsely populated area, differences of their structural damage and human casualties and issues for countermeasure to massdisaster were marked in occasional. In human casualties, there was found an imperceptible difference between them. Deaths by traumatic asphyxia under the collapsed housing were main events and deaths at the place to work and／or to drop in were lesser, however they were found within both earthquakes. On the next Nankai earthquake, the human casualties will find under the similar condition of Hanshin, Chuetsu and the eastern Japan earthquake. Spreading consciousness for earthquake-resistant houses and countermeasures for tsunami, and establishing education system for talented persons with the skill of the postmortem medical examination and／or taking case for the families of the deceased is indispensable for the countermeasure on the next Nankai earthquake

Fatal child abuse in Japan: does a trend exist toward tougher sentencing?

BACKGROUND: It has been pointed out in Japan that criminal punishment in domestic homicide cases, especially in fatal child abuse cases, tends to be more lenient than in public homicide cases that occur outside the home. In recent news accounts of fatal child abuse cases, however, the media has reported that court-imposed sentences have tended to be stricter every year.METHODS: Using the online databases of three major Japanese newspapers, we collected articles about fatal child abuse cases that had been published from January 2008 to December 2009. We analyzed these articles to determine, whether a tendency towards tougher penalties, as was put forward by the media, actually exists at present time in the criminal system in Japan. RESULTS: We found 24 cases, out of which 20 involved only one offender and 4 involved two offenders. These 28 offenders comprised nine biological fathers, 11 biological mothers, and eight other male relatives of the child victims. We found that the sentences handed down by the court clearly tended to be more lenient for female offenders. A new system of criminal jurisprudence, the so-called saiban-in system wherein citizens serve as “lay judges” in criminal trials involving serious crimes, was implemented in Japan at the start of 2009. Each, district court has gradually adopted this new system after a preparation period of approximately five years starting in 2004. CONCLUSIONS: Many figures in the Japanese media predicted that the gap between social expectations and court sentences for sanction against domestic homicide cases would be filled with the present transitional period of the Japanese criminal system. However, the present study found no significant difference in the laws regarding sentencing in fatal child abuse cases before and after the preparation period of the saiban-in system

Glycopeptoid nanospheres: glycosylation-induced coacervation of poly(sarcosine)

Conjugation of maltopentaose to water-soluble homo-poly(sarcosine) induced self-association and formed nanospheres (−150 nm) in water although homo-poly(sarcosine) was water-soluble and did not form any aggregates. Fluorescent probe experiments showed that the spheres were non-ionic glycopeptoid coacervate-like particles with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains inside

Diagnosis of the repetitive brain concussion

In this paper the effectiveness of the support system which predicts the risk of the repetitive brain concussion is studied biomechanically. In the risk prediction system, the accident that caused the concussion is reconstructed by analyzing the game video via multibody dynamics and the resulting brain injury is calculated in detail by the finite element method. In order to calculate the aggravation of the brain injury by the repeated brain concussion, the following two methods are examined. In the first method, the material properties of the part of the brain damaged by the1st impact are changed in the simulation of the 2nd impact. In the second method, each brain damage caused by the repeated impacts is accumulated. The system was applied to the real-life accidents that occurred during Judo and American football games. As a result of the simulations, the aggravation of the brain damage due to repetitive concussion was determined numerically in terms of the maximum strain of the brain and the brain damage rate of the whole brain. The biomechanical process of the collision accidents and the resulting brain damage were reconstructed based on the video and the results are effective to prevent the future repeated concussion accidents