Catalytic carbonization of wood charcoal:graphite or diamond?

We report on the process of making graphite out of wood by catalytic carbonization. Two different types of microstructure were observed. One type being typical for graphitization of wood without the effect of a catalyst, the main characteristic being the typical fibrillar microstructure related back to the original cellulose morphology. A strong {0002} inner diffraction ring corresponding to the 0.336 nm lattice spacing of graphite dominates its diffraction pattern. The other type being typical for graphitization of wood with aluminum as catalyst, the main characteristic being the large sheets of carbon forced upon by the formation of plate like Al4C3. This compound is formed as an intermediate reaction product, which dissociates into aluminum vapour and solid carbon. The diffraction pattern indicates a differently textured structure. EELS measurements in the areas of catalytic graphitization indicate a significant decrease of the sp(2) bonding typical for graphite. It can be an indication of the presence of metastable diamond. This diamond-like structure is extremely unstable under influence of the electron beam. It decomposed within 250 s of beam exposure. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

N-acetyl cysteine erases cellular damage and oxidative stress by PMMA on oral epithelial cells

博士（歯学）・第２０３５号（甲　第１２６９号）・平成２６年３月３１

Electron microscopic study on catalytic carbonization of biomass carbon: I. Carbonization of wood charcoal at high temperature by Al-triisopropoxide

Currently, carbonized materials from wood or waste have been focused upon as raw materials for carbons. These carbons are important for the production of artificial graphite. First hand observation was done on the growth of long parallel graphite structures in wood charcoal. A comparison is made between graphitization in pure biomass carbon and catalytic graphitization in biomass carbon suspended in Al-triisopropoxide. Both types of samples were carbonized during 5 min under an argon pressure of 50 MPa at temperatures up to 2500 Kelvin. Catalytic graphitization was developed by formation and dissociation of plate like Al4C3, but only at temperatures higher than 2000 K

Dipole and quadrupole cascades in the yrast region of 143^{143}Gd

The high spin states of $^{143}$Gd have been studied via the $^{111}{\rm Cd}(^{35}{\rm Cl},1p2n)$ reaction at 170 MeV. One dipole cascade has been newly found and two dipole cascades have been extended to higher spin states. A relatively long E2 cascade consisting of irregular transition energies has been found, which has only weak connections to the other dipole and quadrupole cascades. This resembles the ones recently found in $^{142,143,144}$Eu and $^{144}$Gd. The dipole and quadrupole cascades have been found to appear by turns in an energy increment of about 0.2MeV above the yrast line