LEUCEMIA EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA MORTALIDADE

Leukemias, which mainly affect the hematopoietic system, are responsible for around a quarter of all cancer cases in the age group 0 to 19 years, it is the most common category among children and the main cause of cancer-related mortality. cancer in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze mortality from leukemia in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil between 2018 and 2022 with projections until 2025. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This epidemiological study is ecological, analytical and descriptive, focused on mortality from leukemia in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil between 2018 and 2022. The data were obtained from "Vital Statistics", specific to the "Mortality - since 1996 by ICD-10" session, made available by the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The variables analyzed include year of death and age group, with emphasis on the ICD-BR-10 category: 050 leukemia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Mortality rates fluctuated significantly between age groups over the years analyzed. Depending on the distribution in the studied period, the decreasing order of mortality can be established as: 0 to 4 years, 15 to 19 years, 5 to 9 years and 10 to 14 years. The prediction statistics until 2025 established a general tendency for a decrease, however, among children aged 0 to 4 years, the projections indicate an increase, as the mortality rate for the year 2025 was predicted to be 1.59 (95% CI: 1 .32; 1.86) per 100 thousand inhabitants. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: A general trend of decline in mortality rates was observed in all age groups analyzed, with the exception of children aged 0 to 4 years, where there are indications of an increase, which demonstrates the need to implement measures with the purpose reduce mortality from the disease.Leukemias, which mainly affect the hematopoietic system, are responsible for around a quarter of all cancer cases in the age group 0 to 19 years, it is the most common category among children and the main cause of cancer-related mortality. cancer in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze mortality from leukemia in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil between 2018 and 2022 with projections until 2025. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This epidemiological study is ecological, analytical and descriptive, focused on mortality from leukemia in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil between 2018 and 2022. The data were obtained from "Vital Statistics", specific to the "Mortality - since 1996 by ICD-10" session, made available by the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The variables analyzed include year of death and age group, with emphasis on the ICD-BR-10 category: 050 leukemia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Mortality rates fluctuated significantly between age groups over the years analyzed. Depending on the distribution in the studied period, the decreasing order of mortality can be established as: 0 to 4 years, 15 to 19 years, 5 to 9 years and 10 to 14 years. The prediction statistics until 2025 established a general tendency for a decrease, however, among children aged 0 to 4 years, the projections indicate an increase, as the mortality rate for the year 2025 was predicted to be 1.59 (95% CI: 1 .32; 1.86) per 100 thousand inhabitants. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: A general trend of decline in mortality rates was observed in all age groups analyzed, with the exception of children aged 0 to 4 years, where there are indications of an increase, which demonstrates the need to implement measures with the purpose reduce mortality from the disease.As leucemias, que afetam principalmente o sistema hematopoiético, são responsáveis por cerca de um quarto de todos os casos de câncer na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos, é a categoria mais comum entre as crianças e a principal causa de mortalidade relacionada ao câncer nesse grupo etário. OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar a mortalidade por leucemia em crianças e adolescentes de 0 a 19 anos no Brasil entre 2018 e 2022 com projeções até 2025. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Este estudo epidemiológico é do tipo ecológico, analítico e descritivo, focado na mortalidade por leucemia em crianças e adolescentes de 0 a 19 anos no Brasil entre 2018 e 2022. Os dados foram obtidos das "Estatísticas Vitais", específicos da sessão "Mortalidade - desde 1996 pelo CID-10", disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). As variáveis analisadas incluem ano do óbito e faixa etária, com ênfase na categoria CID-BR-10: 050 leucemia. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: As taxas de mortalidade oscilaram de forma significativa entre as faixas etárias ao longo dos anos analisados. Conforme a distribuição no período estudado, a ordem decrescente de mortalidade pode ser estabelecida como: 0 a 4 anos, 15 a 19 anos, 5 a 9 anos e 10 a 14 anos. As estatísticas de previsões até 2025 estabeleceram tendência geral para a diminuição, contudo, entre crianças de 0 a 4 anos as projeções indicam aumento, visto que a taxa de mortalidade para o ano de 2025 foi prevista para 1,59 (IC 95%: 1,32; 1,86) por 100 mil habitantes. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Observou-se uma tendência geral de declínio nas taxas de mortalidade em todas as faixas etárias analisadas, com exceção das crianças de 0 a 4 anos, onde há indicativos de aumento, o que demonstra a necessidade de implementação de medidas com a finalidade reduzir a mortalidade pelo agravo