Mass Distribution and "Mass Gap" of Compact Stellar Remnants in Binary Systems

The highest critical mass of neutron stars (NSs) was reviewed in the context of equation of state and observationsl results/ It was predicted that the maximum NS mass (MNS) exists in the range MNS ~ 2.2-2.9 M_Sun. However, recent observations of gravitationsl waves and other studies had suggested the higher mass limit of NSs, MNS ~ 3/2 M_Sun. The NS mass up to the value of MNS ~ 2 M_Sun is well understood, and with such a mass value it was meaning ful to discuss the "mass gap" ("m-gap") between the NS and black hole (BH) collapsars.The "m-gap" exists in between the highest mass of NS and the lowest mass of BH collapsars (Mm-gap ~ 2-5 M_Sun). in the mass distribution, the maximim population of NSs and BHs is located at MNS = 1.4 M_Sun and MBH = 6.7 M_Sun, respectively. However, recent ofservational results predicted filling the "m-gap" by the compact objects. In this paper, the concept of gravidynamics was reported to resolve the problem of peak likelihood value of gravitational mass at Mpeak = 6.7 M_Sun and the "m-gap" (Mm-gap ~ 2-5 M_Sun). This concept was based on a non-metric scalar-tensor model of gravitational interaction with localizable field energy. The gravidynamics model shows the total mass (MQ) of a compact relativistic object filled with matter of quark-gluon plasma of the radius r* = GMQ/c2 ~ 10 km, consistent with the "m-gap". It was conceptualized that the total measurable gravitational mass of such an extremely dense object consists of both matter and field, which is described by scalar-tensor components. This model is also useful for predicting the collapsars within the "m-gap".Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Bulletin, vol.77. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1309.6635, arXiv:1006.2834, arXiv:1909.05804 by other author

Comparative Financial Analysis of Construction Companies in India

In this study, the comparative financial analysis of construction companies of India is carried out. This analysis is done with the help of various financial ratios. These ratios will help in determining the performance of the companies with respect to the construction industry average of the country. Ratio Analysis presents a failure prediction model for the company based on the previous business data available. It is anticipated that Construction Company will be able to prevent business failures by using the result from the research. The Ratio Analysis on the construction companies of India has been performed, and their performances have been compared based on the standard ratios and Industrial performances over the years. The selection of the companies is based on their total assets, for the firms of ?Construction & Contracting ? Civil? category, which are HNB Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Gondwana Engineers Ltd. and Evergreen India Pvt. Ltd. Company?s performance has been compared on the basis of their financial performance taken from their balance sheets over the last 5 years. Their performances are then analyzed based on the financial ratios considered and thereby interpretations and recommendations are given. For a construction company, the fulfillment of short term obligations, their assets and liabilities lot depends on the availability of funds, which ultimately depends on the work, results and efficiency of the company. It overall showcases the causes of lack in financial performances of the company. Based on the interpretations from the analysis made, recommendations to companies has been given, clearly stating how the company should work on their non-performance in certain areas, which would help them in taking certain measures for their future progress and stability

Clinical outcomes following surgical management of brain abscess in a tertiary care centre: retrospective analysis of 56 cases

Background: Despite the advent of newer antibiotics and surgical strategies, the overall outcome and quality of life issues in Brain Abscess (BA) patients remain a continuous challenge for the neurosurgical community.Methods: Fifty-six patients with BA are analyzed retrospectively, that treated between January 2014 and June 2019, according to age, the clinical symptoms, etiologic factors, infecting organisms, prognostic factors, localization, diagnostic and treatment methods and outcome.Results: In acute cases, common clinical features were headache, fever, vomiting, focal deficit and seizure. In chronic abscesses, common clinical features were mild to moderate headache and progressive focal deficit. In 12(21.42%) patients had adjacent localized sinus, middle ear infection. In 27(48.21%) patients no primary source of infection was identified, predisposing factors included post neurosurgery (8.92%), post penetrating injury (3.57%), and congenital heart disease, infective endocarditis, sinusitis. The frontal lobe involved in 28.5% cases, temporal lobe and cerebellum are next to be involved. Burr hole aspiration in 29(51.78%) cases, a craniotomy was done in 15(26.78%) cases. Pus culture was negative in 36 (64.28%) cases. Mortality was noted in 2(3.57%) cases. Complete resolution of the abscess with complete recovery of preoperative neuro-deficit was seen in 71.42% cases and recovery with major neuro-deficit was observed in 16.07% cases. The best outcome was seen with a better Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission.Conclusions: BA, when surgery is required, should be done on an emergency basis. BA treated with burr hole aspiration shows excellent clinical and radiological response. A craniotomy is required in selected cases and is a primary procedure in cerebellar, postoperative and posttraumatic abscesses. Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy should be administered for a period of minimum 6 weeks to prevent relapse

Prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients attending tertiary care centre Ernakulam

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible bronchial inflammation of lung airways and parenchyma. Various factors play an important role in occurrence and severity of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a common in severe COPD. The objective of the study is to know the proportion of PAH in patients with severe COPD and to find the association between various factors.Methods: 180 cases of severe COPD patients admitted in Government Medical College Ernakulum from January 2019-December 2019, were enrolled into this cross-sectional descriptive study. Subject’s history, clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, vitals, Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis were done.Results: Among 180 subjects, 148 (82.22%) had mild PAH, 22 (12.22%) subjects had moderate PAH and 10 (5.56%) had severe PAH. Use of accessory muscle was the most elicited sign in the study with 174 (96.67%). 170 (94.44%) had cough and 169 (93.89%) had breathlessness which were the most reported symptoms. Demographic variables and clinical features had no significant mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) association. Grade 3 PAH groups were elder than others, which was statistically significant (p<0.047). FEV1, Oxygen Saturation and ejection fraction were lowest in grade 3 PAH subjects. Respiratory rate, hemoglobin, PCV, tricuspid velocity, PaCO2 were highest in grade 3 PAH subjects being statistically significant (p<0.0001).Conclusions: In our study, majority of severe COPD patients had mild PAH.  There was an independent correlation between respiratory rate, hemoglobin, PCV, tricuspid regurgitant velocity and PaCO2 with severity of PAH

ASSESSMENT OF IONIZED CALCIUM STATUS IN FEBRILE SEIZURES

Introduction:&nbsp;Epilepsy is one of the most common disorders of the brain1. One of every ten people will have at least one epileptic seizure during a normal lifespan, and a third of these will develop epilepsy. In children the most common forms of convulsion are febrile seizures. Water electrolyte imbalance occurs during acute febrile illness and hypocalcaemia is one of them. Hypocalcaemia is also present in cases of seizures. To find out significance of calcium levels in cases of seizures this study was conducted. Aims and objectives:&nbsp;To assess the level of ionized calcium in cases of febrile seizure. Methods:&nbsp;This Case - Control study was conducted on fifty cases of febrile seizures and fifty age, weight matched controls at Department of Biochemistry, Varun Arjun Medical College, Shahjahanpur,U.P., India. Results:&nbsp;Mean ionized calcium level was 4.62 ±0.26mg/dl and 4.88 ±0.27 mg/dl in study and control groups respectively and this difference was found statistically highly significant (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion:&nbsp;The findings suggest that a considerable percentage of children having febrile seizures suffer from calcium deficiency

ASSESSMENT OF IONIZED CALCIUM STATUS IN FEBRILE SEIZURES

Introduction:&nbsp;Epilepsy is one of the most common disorders of the brain1. One of every ten people will have at least one epileptic seizure during a normal lifespan, and a third of these will develop epilepsy. In children the most common forms of convulsion are febrile seizures. Water electrolyte imbalance occurs during acute febrile illness and hypocalcaemia is one of them. Hypocalcaemia is also present in cases of seizures. To find out significance of calcium levels in cases of seizures this study was conducted. Aims and objectives:&nbsp;To assess the level of ionized calcium in cases of febrile seizure. Methods:&nbsp;This Case - Control study was conducted on fifty cases of febrile seizures and fifty age, weight matched controls at Department of Biochemistry, Varun Arjun Medical College, Shahjahanpur,U.P., India. Results:&nbsp;Mean ionized calcium level was 4.62 ±0.26mg/dl and 4.88 ±0.27 mg/dl in study and control groups respectively and this difference was found statistically highly significant (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion:&nbsp;The findings suggest that a considerable percentage of children having febrile seizures suffer from calcium deficiency

Temporal and spatial variations in TEC using simultaneous measurements from the Indian GPS network of receivers during the low solar activity period of 2004?2005

International audienceWith the recent increase in the satellite-based navigation applications, the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and the L-band scintillation measurements have gained significant importance. In this paper we present the temporal and spatial variations in TEC derived from the simultaneous and continuous measurements made, for the first time, using the Indian GPS network of 18 receivers located from the equator to the northern crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region and beyond, covering a geomagnetic latitude range of 1° S to 24° N, using a 16-month period of data for the low sunspot activity (LSSA) years of March 2004 to June 2005. The diurnal variation in TEC at the EIA region shows its steep increase and reaches its maximum value between 13:00 and 16:00 LT, while at the equator the peak is broad and occurs around 16:00 LT. A short-lived day minimum occurs between 05:00 to 06:00 LT at all the stations from the equator to the EIA crest region. Beyond the crest region the day maximum values decrease with the increase in latitude, while the day minimum in TEC is flat during most of the nighttime hours, i.e. from 22:00 to 06:00 LT, a feature similar to that observed in the mid-latitudes. Further, the diurnal variation in TEC show a minimum to maximum variation of about 5 to 50 TEC units, respectively, at the equator and about 5 to 90 TEC units at the EIA crest region, which correspond to range delay variations of about 1 to 8 m at the equator to about 1 to 15 m at the crest region, at the GPS L1 frequency of 1.575 GHz. The day-to-day variability is also significant at all the stations, particularly during the daytime hours, with maximum variations at the EIA crest regions. Further, similar variations are also noticed in the corresponding equatorial electrojet (EEJ) strength, which is known to be one of the major contributors for the observed day-to-day variability in TEC. The seasonal variation in TEC maximizes during the equinox months followed by winter and is minimum during the summer months, a feature similar to that observed in the integrated equatorial electrojet (IEEJ) strength for the corresponding seasons. In the Indian sector, the EIA crest is found to occur in the latitude zone of 15° to 25° N geographic latitudes (5° to 15° N geomagnetic latitudes). The EIA also maximizes during equinoxes followed by winter and is not significant in the summer months in the LSSA period, 2004?2005. These studies also reveal that both the location of the EIA crest and its peak value in TEC are linearly related to the IEEJ strength and increase with the increase in IEEJ

FORMULATION DESIGN AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF BILAYER SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF DOXOFYLLINE

Objective: To develop bilayer matrix tablet of Doxofylline by providing a loading dose followed by the maintenance dose that suppose to enhance the therapeutic efficacy the drug for acute and sustainable asthma.Methods: Both immediate release layer and sustained release layer were prepared by wet granulation methods. Different Pre compression and post compression characterization of the tablet were carried out. Swelling studies were carried out for all the formulation. To optimise the immediate release layer, similarity (f2) and difference factor (f1) were calculated and optimised IR formulation was used for all formulations of bilayer tablet. In-vitro release studies were carried out in USP II paddle type dissolution apparatus for different formulations and release kinetic studies were carried out different kinetic model. FTIR and DSC studies were carried out for pure drug Doxofylline, IR layer and SR layer of optimised formulation to know the physical and chemical compatibility of drug and excipients. Accelerated stability studies were carried out to confirm the stability of dosage forms.Results: Pre compression and post compression parameters satisfied with pharmacopeia specifications. The formulation that contained highest percent of HPMC had highest swelling index. Formulation DBMF6 showed an initial release of 44% of drug within one hour as the loading dose and remaining drug were sustained release up to 12 h. Release kinetic followed Hixon-Crowell kinetic model with drug release mechanism quasi-fickian diffusion. From accelerated stability studies no significant changes in physicochemical properties were noticed.Conclusion: Doxofylline bilayer matrix tablets were successfully developed and can be used as an alternative to the conventional dosage form because it can be therapeutically beneficial for management of asthma.Â