Development of an Ethanol Biosensor Based on Silver Nanoparticles/Polyaniline/Graphite/Epoxy Composite for Friendly Analytical Application

Electrochemical biosensors for measuring ethanol were developed in this study. Silver nanoparticles were incorporated to increase sensibility. Firstly, the transducer element was prepared with silver nanoparticles/polyaniline/graphite/epoxy composite (AgNPs/PANI/GEC) where the enzymes alcohol oxidase (AOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were immobilized by adsorption. The composition of the immobilized solution was indicated by an experimental design (85% of the bi-enzymatic solution, 10% of albumin and 5% of glutaraldehyde). The immobilization method adopted in this study showed to be highly reproducible. The values of variance and standard deviation were low (0.003 and 0.053, respectively—means of three electrodes). The linear range was 0–30 g/L (R2 = 0.983) and the sensitivity 0.004 mA L/g. A second biosensor was made with a transducer prepared with AgNPs/PANI/GEC. A chitosan film was applied over the adsorbed enzymatic solution to avoid desorption of the immobilized enzymes. The AgNPs/PANI/GEC electrodes were characterized using cycle voltammetry and the composite surface by scanning electron microscopy. The calibration for ethanol samples with this second composite fitted in a range of 0.0–0.35 g/L (R2 = 0.984). Square rate voltammetry was the electrochemical analytical method used to obtain the amperometric calibration curves

Characterization of an hrp-aox-polyaniline-graphite composite biosensor

Nowadays there is an increasing demand to develop new and robust biosensors in order to detect low concentrations of different chemicals, in practical and small devices, giving fast and confident responses. The electrode material was a polyaniline-graphite-epoxy composite (PANI/GEC). Alcohol oxidase (AOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzymes were immobilized and the responses were tested by cyclic voltammetry. The conductivities for the composites of graphite/polyaniline were determined. The cyclic voltammograms allowed detecting ethanol in pure diluted samples in a range from 0.036 to 2.62 M. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) were used to verify the thermal characteristics of the composites (0, 10, 20, 30 and 100 % of graphite). The Imax value was determined for the dual enzyme biosensor (0.0724 mA), and the Kapp m as 1.41 M (with R2 =0.9912)