Nuclear-targeted EGF receptor enhances proliferation and migration of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells

Introduction: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has various important physiological functions, which it exerts by binding to  the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Reports show that EGF expression is strongly correlated with the occurrence and development of many types of tumour. To date, however, the relationship between EGF/EGFR and the occurrence and development of thyroid carcinoma remains unclear. Material and methods: In the current study, we investigated this phenomenon using human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines (SUN-80). Results: The results indicated that EGF triggered the EGFR-mediated intracellular signalling pathway, including signal transducers and activators of transcription 1/3/5 (STAT1/3/5) and protein kinase B (AKT) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, results from EGF-induced EGFR internalization and co-localization analyses showed that clathrin, Rab5/7, and EEA1 play critical roles in the intracellular trafficking of EGF/EGFR. Interestingly, EGF triggered EGFR translocation into the nucleus, while nuclear-localized EGFR affected cell cycle distribution, thereby significantly promoting the ration of S phase. Overall, these findings indicated that nuclear EGFR exerts biological activity and physiological functions, including changing cell cycle, which in turn promotes proliferation and migration of SUN-80 cells. Conclusion: These findings lay a foundation for further explorations seeking to understand the biological effects of the EGF/EGFR system on the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer