A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacological Activities of Pachypodol: A Bioactive Compound of an Aromatic Medicinal Plant Pogostemon Cablin Benth

As is well known, plant products have been increasingly utilized in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. By combining conventional techniques and modern methodology, the future of phytomedicines appears promising. Pogostemon Cablin (patchouli) is an important herb used frequently in the fragrance industries and has various therapeutic benefits. Traditional medicine has long used the essential oil of patchouli (P. cablin) as a flavoring agent recognized by the FDA. This is a gold mine for battling pathogens in China and India. In recent years, this plant has seen a significant surge in use, and approximately 90% of the world’s patchouli oil is produced by Indonesia. In traditional therapies, it is used for the treatment of colds, fever, vomiting, headaches, and stomachaches. Patchouli oil is used in curing many diseases and in aromatherapy to treat depression and stress, soothe nerves, regulate appetite, and enhance sexual attraction. More than 140 substances, including alcohols, terpenoids, flavonoids, organic acids, phytosterols, lignins, aldehydes, alkaloids, and glycosides, have been identified in P. cablin. Pachypodol (C18H16O7) is an important bioactive compound found in P. cablin. Pachypodol (C18H16O7) and many other biologically essential chemicals have been separated from the leaves of P. cablin and many other medicinally significant plants using repeated column chromatography on silica gel. Pachypodol’s bioactive potential has been shown by a variety of assays and methodologies. It has been found to have a number of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, antimicrobial, antidepressant, anticancer, antiemetic, antiviral, and cytotoxic ones. The current study, which is based on the currently available scientific literature, intends to close the knowledge gap regarding the pharmacological effects of patchouli essential oil and pachypodol, a key bioactive molecule found in this plant

Biological Activities of Methanolic Extract of Aegle marmelos against HN Protein of Newcastle Disease Virus

The current study explores the methanolic extracts of the leaves and fruit of Aegle marmelos (Bael) for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), antioxidants, and antibiofilms, as well as its in ovo antiviral potential against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The drug-likeliness thereof and the potential identification of an interaction—their molecular docking of ligands with target proteins by GOLD—was determined in silico using the Swiss ADME software. The total flavonoids content (TFC) was 135.17 ± 2.02 and 111.2 ± 3.67 mg QE/g, while the total phenolics content (TPC) was 185.02 ± 2.15 and 171.13 ± 6.73 mg GAE/g, in the fruit and leaves extracts, respectively. In a DPPH assay, the IC50 value for the methanolic extracts of leaves and fruit was 63.52 ± 1.48 and 52.06 ± 1.62. μg/mL d.w. The fruit extract of A. marmelos showed significantly higher reducing power (i.e., 59.32 ± 0.05 µmol/g d.w) than the leaves extract (p < 0.05). The biofilm-inhibition activity of the fruit extract of A. marmelos was 65.78 ± 0.65 µg/mL. Both parts of the plant showed potent antiviral potential at higher concentrations. A study in silico, using the molecular docking of three compounds, showed good interaction with the HN protein, with considerable binding affinities and fulfilled docking parameters. This work shows that Aegle marmelos and its phytoconstituents can be used as a potential remedy for NDV