Vagal nerve stimulation for the treatment of autism

Not require

Nephritic-nephrotic syndrome as a presentation of BK virus infection

BK virus (BKV) is increasingly found as an important cause of allograft nephro-pathy. Nephrotic syndrome is not a usual manifestation of BKV nephropathy. Here, we report a 12-year-old boy, a case of end-stage renal disease due to nephronophthisis, who got the kidney trans-planted from a 16-year-old cadaver, and after 18 months of uneventful transplantation on triple immunosuppressive therapy (Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), cyclosporin and prednisolone), pre-sented with nephrotic feature (edema, heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidema). Kidney biopsy was in favor of BKV infection and eventually ended in graft failure

Effect of immobilization on urine calcium excretion in orthopedic patients with pelvic fracture treated by skin traction

Objectives: To determine the effects on urine calcium excretion of immobilization by skin traction in patients with pelvic fracture. Methods: In a prospective study, a consecutive series of patients with pelvic fracture treated by skin traction were enrolled. Serum (calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium, uric acid, BUN, creatinine) and fasting urine calcium, creatinine, sodium, potassium and uric acid were checked within 48 hours of hospitalization and at 7, 14 and 21 days of immobilization and then after 3 months of mobilization. Trends in changes of variables were recorded. Results: Fifty five patients were enrolled in this study; they were 45 (81.8%) males and 10 (18.2%) females with a mean age 19.4 ± 12.7 years. We found that serum levels of calcium (p = 0.004), phosphorous (p = 0.047) and alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.001) increased significantly during the 3 weeks of immobilization. In the same way, urine calcium/ urine creatinine ratio increased significantly in the study period (p = 0.004). No symptomatic renal stone formation was observed during the study period. Conclusions: Immobilization even in short term causes hypercalciuria in orthopedic patients. Although it is transient and improves with subsequent mobilization, it is needed to be considered specifically by the team caring for this group of patients