Plan variants and a plan refinement algorithm

The relational production model of problem solving, due to Vere, is used to analyze plan inefficiency. The concept of plan variant is introduced and precisely related to the triangle tables of Nilsson. The concept is used to extend certain classes of inefficiencies. A method is described which "tightens up" plans containing these inefficiencies, often producing optimal ones

In Höje-Nils’ garden : a historical analysis about design and content and thoughts about con-servation

Nilsgården, och det som en gång var Höje-Nils trädgård, är belägen i byn Södra Ingelsträde på Kullahalvön i nordvästra Skåne. Den uppfördes år 1868 av Nils Nilsson, även kallad Höje-Nils. Det namnet fick han på grund av det höga boningshuset som han byggde. Gården har fram till idag ägts av samma släkt, familjen Nilsgård, vilka har en önskan om att få kunskap och insikt i trädgårdens historia. Målet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka hur trädgården på Nilsgården har sett ut gällande utformning och innehåll från år 1868 fram till idag. Arbetet innehåller även tankar om trädgårdens framtid på Nilsgården och hur de historiska värdena skulle kunna hanteras. En litteraturstudie, en arkivstudie, en platsinventering av trädgården samt intervjuer med personer som haft anknytning till gården ligger till grund för undersökningen. Trädgårdens olika delar består av gårdsplanen i söder samt fruktträdgården, framsidan och parken i norr. Fram till 1950-talet innehöll trädgården raka, sandade gångstigar och gräsytor i kvarter med planteringar av prydnadsväxter längs grusgångarna, men också av nyttoväxter såsom bärbuskar och fruktträd, vilka fanns utspridda på olika platser i trädgårdens gräsytor. Parken bestod av stora lövträd av olika sorter, såsom ek och bok, vilket den gör även idag. Det fanns också ett stenparti i trädgården, ett inslag som var typiskt för den tiden. Under 1960-talet utökades jordbruket på Nilsgården, samtidigt som trädgården på ett flertal sätt rationaliserades vilket skedde på många gårdar vid den tiden. Gångstigarna lades igen och fruktträden anordnades i en separat fruktträdgård. På 1960- och 70-talen infördes en mängd nytt växtmaterial med betoning på rosor och barrväxter, något som var ett typiskt inslag i trädgårdskulturen under 1970-talet. Den förändring i utformning och innehåll som skedde under 1960-talet och årtiondena efter har i stora drag kvarstått fram till idag. Undersökningen kring Höje-Nils trädgård är en viktig länk i att trädgården ska fortsätta vårdas och bevaras för framtiden då det synliggör vad och vilka delar i trädgården som är värda att bevara. Exempelvis visar undersökningen på vilka växter som förknippas med en viss tidsperiod, eller vilka buskar och träd som är värda att bevara på grund av dess historiska värden. Den historiska efterforskningen kan hjälpa och vägleda ägarna kring val gällande trädgårdens framtida utformning och innehåll. Exempelvis är de äldre träden i parken och träden i fruktträdgården värda att bevara då de har ett historiskt värde, likaså detaljer i trädgården i form av höganäskeramik på grund av dess kulturhistoriska värde. Den historiska kunskapen är också värdefull i den aspekten att det ger en inblick i den lokala trädgårdskulturen i Södra Ingelsträde med omnejd, men också ur ett större trädgårdshistoriskt perspektiv för lantbruksträdgårdar, där arbetet ger exempel på hur en bland många skånska lantbruksträdgårdar historiskt kan ha sett ut.Nilsgården, and what was once Höje-Nils' garden, is located in the village of Södra Ingelsträde on Kullahalvön in northwestern Skåne. It was built in 1868 by Nils Nilsson, also called Höje-Nils. That name was given to him because of the tall residential house he built. Until today, the farm has been owned by the same family, the Nilsgård family, who has a desire to gain knowledge and insight into the garden’s history. The aim of this work has been to investigate how the garden at Nilsgården has looked in terms of design and content from 1868 until today. The work also contains ideas about the future garden at Nilsgården and how the historical values could be managed. A literature study, an archive study, a site inventory of the garden as well as interviews with people who have been connected to the farm are the basis of the investigation that has been carried out for the time period 1868-2023. The different parts of the garden consist of a courtyard in the south, an orchard, a frontyard and a park in the north. Until the 1950s the garden contained sandy footpaths with neighboring plantings of ornamental plants, but also of useful plants such as berry bushes and fruit trees, which were scattered in various places in the garden. The park consisted of large decidous trees of various kinds, such as oak and beech, which it still does today. There was also a rockery in the garden, a feature that was typical for the time. During the 1960s, agriculture at Nilsgården was expanded, while the garden was rationalized in several ways and reduced in size, this happened on many farms at that time. The foothpaths were closed and the fruit trees were arranged in their own orchard. The time after, a lot of new plant material was introduced with an emphasis on roses and conifers, which was typical of garden culture during the 1970s. The change in design and content that took place during the 1960s and the decades after has largely remained until today. The survey of Nilsgården’s garden is a significant link in ensuring that the garden continues to be cared for and preserved for the future, which makes visible, what and which parts of the garden are worth preserving. For example, the survey shows which plants are associated with a certain time, or which shrubs and trees are worth preserving because of their historical value. The historical research can help ad guide the owners’ choices regarding the future design and content of the garden. For example, the older trees in the park and the trees in the orchard are worth preserving as they have a historical value, as well as details in the garden of ceramic from Höganäs due to its cultural-historical value. The historical knowledge is also valuable in an aspect that gives an insight into the local gardening culture in Södra Ingelsträde and the surrounding area, but also from a larger horticultural historical perspective for agricultural gardens; where the work provides examples of how one among many agricultural gardens in Skåne historically has looked like

Rectilinear Link Diameter and Radius in a Rectilinear Polygonal Domain

We study the computation of the diameter and radius under the rectilinear link distance within a rectilinear polygonal domain of $n$ vertices and $h$ holes. We introduce a \emph{graph of oriented distances} to encode the distance between pairs of points of the domain. This helps us transform the problem so that we can search through the candidates more efficiently. Our algorithm computes both the diameter and the radius in $\min \{\,O(n^\omega), O(n^2 + nh \log h + \chi^2)\,\}$ time, where $\omega<2.373$ denotes the matrix multiplication exponent and $\chi\in \Omega(n)\cap O(n^2)$ is the number of edges of the graph of oriented distances. We also provide a faster algorithm for computing the diameter that runs in $O(n^2 \log n)$ time

The Effect of Deformation on the Twist Mode

Using $^{12}$C as an example of a strongly deformed nucleus we calculate the strengths and energies in the asymptotic (oblate) deformed limit for the isovector twist mode operator $[rY^{1}\vec{l}]^{\lambda=2}t_{+}$ where l is the orbital angular momentum. We also consider the $\lambda =1$ case. For $\lambda=0$, the operator vanishes. Whereas in a $\Delta N=0$ Nilsson model the summed strength is independent of the relative P$_{3/2}$ and P$_{1/2}$ occupancy when we allow for different frequencies $\omega_{i}$ in the x, y, and z directions there is a weak dependency on deformation.Comment: 9 page

Sickness Absence and the Effects of Having a Spouse - Can twins reveal the selection effect?

Individuals that are married are often found to be healthier than singles. A crucial issue is to distinguish if this is due to a selection effect or due to a true protective effect of partnership. The purpose of this study is to distinguish these effects as explanations for a lower risk of having long-term sickness among individuals with a spouse. In this study an innovative method based on information on twins is developed to reveal the selection effect into partnership that provides a lower risk for long-term sickness absence. Important selections are found for both male and female samples.sickness absence; spouse; heterogeneity; selection; twins

Experiences of mindfulness training in living with rheumatic disease: an interpretative phenomenological analysis

This study examined experiences of Mindfulness training for 5 adults living with Rheumatic Disease. Focus group data was used to explore the experience and impact of Mindfulness training in participants aged between 46 and 69 diagnosed with Psoriatic Arthritis, Fibromyalgia or Rheumatoid Arthritis. All participants had completed an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Programme (MBSR) 6 months prior to the study. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis produced two themes: ‘responding to pain’ and ‘psychological well-being’. All participants spoke similarly and with enthusiasm, reflecting the strength of the impact of Mindfulness upon the daily lives of these individuals. Methodological limitations are considered along with clinical applications and suggestions for future research. The findings from this study reinforce the outcomes of previous research and indicate that Mindfulness has potential to improve the health and well-being of individuals living with Rheumatic Disease

Prolate over oblate dominance in deformed nuclei as a consequence of the SU(3) symmetry and the Pauli principle

We show that the dominance of prolate over oblate shapes in even-even deformed nuclei can be derived from the SU(3) symmetry and the Pauli principle.Comment: 2 page