A prospective controlled trial of pulsed nasal nebulizer in maximally dissected cadavers

BackgroundNasal douching is common practice in treatment of chronic sinusitis and after endoscopic sinus surgery. Current nasal delivery techniques show inconsistent sinus penetration. The aim of this study was to compare sinonasal penetration of nasal douching to an optimized nasal nebulizer in an operated cadaver model.MethodsFourteen preserved cadavers were used receiving complete sphenoethmoidectomies with a Draf III, wide maxillary antrostomy, or medial maxillectomy. Seven control cadavers received nasal douching with one standardized squeeze bilaterally of a 200-mL nasal irrigation bottle and seven intervention cadavers were nebulized with 3 minutes of the PARI sinus device bilaterally. Douching solutions were stained with methylene blue. Independent observers documented sinonasal anatomy, staining intensity, and percentage area covered by dye using standardized grading protocols.ResultsCombined data showed a significant increase in intensity of stain (2.06 versus 0.26, p ConclusionIn all measured indices, the nasal douching method with the squeeze bottle was superior to the PARI sinus nebulizer in highly dissected sinonasal cadaver models.Rowan Valentine, Theo Athanasiadis, May Thwin, Deepti Singhal, Erik K. Weitzel, Peter-John Wormal

Retailer choice and loyalty schemes—evidence from Sweden

Bonus card, Conditional logit, Consumer choice, Distance, Food retailer, Loyalty scheme, D12, L49, L66, L81, R10,