Mark-Up Pricing in Bulgarian Manufacturing

The pricing policy of Bulgarian manufacturing firms is analysed in the paper in the context of the theory of the price-setting behaviour of firms endowed with market power, and more specifically, using the notion of mark-up pricing. Using some recent derivations in the literature, we estimate mark-up ratios for Bulgarian manufacturing sectors at the NACE 2-digit and NACE 3-digit levels. The estimated mark-ups are then tested against a set of variables measuring the degree of competitive pressure on a sectoral level.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39773/3/wp389.pd

Mark-Up Pricing in Bulgarian Manufacturing

The pricing policy of Bulgarian manufacturing firms is analysed in the paper in the context of the theory of the price-setting behaviour of firms endowed with market power, and more specifically, using the notion of mark-up pricing. Using some recent derivations in the literature, we estimate mark-up ratios for Bulgarian manufacturing sectors at the NACE 2-digit and NACE 3-digit levels. The estimated mark-ups are then tested against a set of variables measuring the degree of competitive pressure on a sectoral level.mark-up pricing, competetive pressure, enterprise restructuring and adjustment, Bulgaria

Experimental Serotonin Syndrome: Effects of GABA-ergic Medications and 5-HT₂-Antagonists

Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a potentially life-threatening adverse drug effect that occurs after an overdose or combined administration of two or more drugs that increase the serotonin levels. In humans, SS is represented by a triad of symptoms including mental status changes, neuromuscular hyperactivity and autonomic dysfunction. The manifestations of the syndrome observed in rodents resemble the symptoms of SS in humans. Theoretically, SS can occur as a result of stimulation of any of the seven families of the serotonin receptors. However, most data support the involvement of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. A number of studies indicate the effectiveness of 5-HT2 antagonists and GABA-ergic agents in the treatment of the hyperthermia and other symptoms of SS in rats. Therefore, animal models of SS may help to further elucidate the mechanism of its development and the possibilities for its treatment

Intra-night optical flux and polarization variability of BL~Lacertae during its 2020 −- 2021 high state

In this work, we report the presence of rapid intra-night optical variations in both -- flux and polarization of the blazar BL Lacertae during its unprecedented 2020--2021 high state of brightness. The object showed significant flux variability and some color changes, but no firmly detectable time delays between the optical bands. The linear polarization was also highly variable in both -- polarization degree and angle (EVPA). The object was observed from several observatories throughout the world, covering in a total of almost 300 hours during 66 nights. Based on our results, we suggest, that the changing Doppler factor of an ensemble of independent emitting regions, travelling along a curved jet that at some point happens to be closely aligned with the line of sight can successfully reproduce our observations during this outburst. This is one of the most extensive variability studies of the optical polarization of a blazar on intra-night timescales.Comment: 23 pages,7 figures, 5 Tables (2 as appendix). Accepted for publication in MNRA

Economic growth and structural change in the CMEA countries

SIGLEAvailable from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel C 145085 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Bonn-IIASA Research Project on Economic Growth and Structural Change: the macroeconom. data base for the CMEA countries

SIGLEAvailable from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel C 145095 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

The macroeconomic models of the European CMEA countries

Available from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel C 145091 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

New Insight into Selective Serotonin Receptor Agonists in the Central Nervous System, Studied with WAY163909 in Obese and Diabetic Wistar Rats

Background and aims: We investigated the effect of WAY-163909, a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine selective 2C receptor agonist on body weight, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese and diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and methods: We used twenty male Wistar rats with obesity and obesity-induced diabetes and twenty healthy Wistar rats as a control group. Each of these groups was separated into two subgroups: one with a daily intraperitoneal application of WAY-163909 (1 mg/kg) and one without. During the study, body weight, blood glucose levels, and immunoreactive insulin were tracked. Results: A reduction of 5.5% (p p < 0.05) in the diabetic and obese rats group using WAY-163909 was also observed. Conclusion: In our study, using WAY-163909 (1 mg/kg) led to a reduction of blood glucose levels, immunoreactive insulin, and body weight

Investigations on Blood Activities of Some Enzymes in Dogs After Acute Intoxication with the Carbamate Insecticide Carbofuran

Experiments for monitoring of changes in blood enzyme activities were carried out in dogs after acute intoxication with the carbamate insecticide carbofuran (Carbosan 35 СТ). The studies involved one control and 6 experimental groups of dogs (total n=42), treated once orally with increasing doses of the preparation via oesophageal probe: 0.525 mg/kg (experimental group I), 1.05 mg/kg (experimental group II), 2.1 mg/kg (experimental group III), 3.5 mg/kg (experimental group IV), 5.25 mg/kg (experimental group V) and 10.5 mg/kg (LD50), (experimental group VI), corresponding to 1/20, 1/10, 1/5, 1/3, 1/2 and LD50, oral doses for albino rats. Blood samples were obtained from v. antebrachi cephalica or v. jugularis in the course of 3 consecutive days prior to the treatment (hours -48, -24 and 0) and on post treatment hours 1, 3, 5, 7, 24 and 48 from all groups for analysis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), amylase (AMY), gamma-glutamyltransferase (g-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). It was established that the tested carbamate insecticide provoked lower blood activity of AChE and increased the levels of ASAT, ALAT, AMY, g-GT, AP and LDH between post treatment hours 1 and 7; afterwards, the studied parameters regained the respective control values