Stress load and durability analysis of railway vehicles using multibody approach

The present paper describes the CAE-based approach for durability analysis that is being implemented in Universal Mechanism software to predict the fatigue damage of parts of mechanical systems. The approach predicts fatigue strength of structural components of machines and mechanisms based on results of simulating their dynamics taking into account real working conditions. An application to the developedsoftware to a stress load and durability analysis is considered

Yacht Marinas Investment Attractiveness and Ways to Improve it

The article examines the yacht marinas investment attractiveness and its characteristics. It analysis the main factors influencing the attractiveness of this business, and ways to improve it

Key Interplay between the Co-Opted Sorting Nexin-BAR Proteins and PI3P Phosphoinositide in the Formation of the Tombusvirus Replicase

Positive-strand RNA viruses replicate in host cells by forming large viral replication organelles, which harbor numerous membrane-bound viral replicase complexes (VRCs). In spite of its essential role in viral replication, the biogenesis of the VRCs is not fully understood. The authors identified critical roles of cellular membrane-shaping proteins and PI(3)P (phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate) phosphoinositide, a minor lipid with key functions in endosomal vesicle trafficking and autophagosome biogenesis, in VRC formation for tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV). The authors show that TBSV co-opts the endosomal SNX-BAR (sorting nexin with Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs- BAR domain) proteins, which bind to PI(3)P and have membrane-reshaping function during retromer tubular vesicle formation, directly into the VRCs to boost progeny viral RNA synthesis. We find that the viral replication protein-guided recruitment and pro-viral function of the SNX-BAR proteins depends on enrichment of PI(3)P at the site of viral replication. Depletion of SNX-BAR proteins or PI(3)P renders the viral double-stranded (ds)RNA replication intermediate RNAi-sensitive within the VRCs in the surrogate host yeast and in planta and ribonuclease-sensitive in cell-free replicase reconstitution assays in yeast cell extracts or giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Based on our results, we propose that PI(3)P and the co-opted SNX-BAR proteins are coordinately exploited by tombusviruses to promote VRC formation and to play structural roles and stabilize the VRCs during viral replication. Altogether, the interplay between the co-opted SNX-BAR membrane-shaping proteins, PI(3)P and the viral replication proteins leads to stable VRCs, which provide the essential protection of the viral RNAs against the host antiviral responses

Analysis of the Social Efficiency of Commercial Projects Investments

The article examines the concept of social efficiency of investments and methods to evaluate that social efficiency. The possibility of applying the criterion of social efficiency to purely commercial projects is analyzed

Novel Mechanism of Regulation of \u3cem\u3eTomato Bushy Stunt Virus\u3c/em\u3e Replication by Cellular WW-Domain Proteins

Replication of (+)RNA viruses depends on several co-opted host proteins but is also under the control of cell-intrinsic restriction factors (CIRFs). By using tombusviruses, small model viruses of plants, we dissect the mechanism of inhibition of viral replication by cellular WW-domain-containing proteins, which act as CIRFs. By using fusion proteins between the WW domain and the p33 replication protein, we show that the WW domain inhibits the ability of p33 to bind to the viral RNA and to other p33 and p92 replication proteins leading to inhibition of viral replication in yeast and in a cell extract. Overexpression of WW-domain protein in yeast also leads to reduction of several co-opted host factors in the viral replicase complex (VRC). These host proteins, such as eEF1A, Cdc34 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and ESCRT proteins (Bro1p and Vps4p), are known to be involved in VRC assembly. Simultaneous coexpression of proviral cellular factors with WW-domain protein partly neutralizes the inhibitory effect of the WW-domain protein. We propose that cellular WW-domain proteins act as CIRFs and also as regulators of tombusvirus replication by inhibiting the assembly of new membrane-bound VRCs at the late stage of infection. We suggest that tombusviruses could sense the status of the infected cells via the availability of cellular susceptibility factors versus WW-domain proteins for binding to p33 replication protein that ultimately controls the formation of new VRCs. This regulatory mechanism might explain how tombusviruses could adjust the efficiency of RNA replication to the limiting resources of the host cells during infections. IMPORTANCE: Replication of positive-stranded RNA viruses, which are major pathogens of plants, animals, and humans, is inhibited by several cell-intrinsic restriction factors (CIRFs) in infected cells. We define here the inhibitory roles of the cellular Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase and its WW domain in plant-infecting tombusvirus replication in yeast cells and in vitro using purified components. The WW domain of Rsp5 binds to the viral RNA-binding sites of p33 and p92 replication proteins and blocks the ability of these viral proteins to use the viral RNA for replication. The WW domain also interferes with the interaction (oligomerization) of p33 and p92 that is needed for the assembly of the viral replicase. Moreover, WW domain also inhibits the subversion of several cellular proteins into the viral replicase, which otherwise play proviral roles in replication. Altogether, Rsp5 is a CIRF against a tombusvirus, and it possibly has a regulatory function during viral replication in infected cells

The orbits of outer planetary satellites using the Gaia data

Launch of the Gaia space observatory started a new era in astrometry when the accuracy of star coordinates increased by thousands of times. Significant improvement of accuracy was also expected for the coordinates of the Solar system bodies. Gaia DR3 provided us with the data which could be used to test our expectations. In this work, we refine the orbits of a number of outer planetary satellites using both ground-based and Gaia observations. From thirteen outer satellites observed by Gaia, we chose six to obtain their orbits. Some specific moments in using observations of outer satellites made by Gaia are demonstrated. These pecularities stem from scanning motion of Gaia, in particular from the fact that the accuracy of observations is significantly different along and across the scanning direction. As expected, Gaia observations proved to be more precise than those made from Earth, which results in more accurate satellite ephemerides. We estimate accuracy of the ephemerides of considered satellites for the interval between 1996 and 2030. As astrometric positions published in Gaia DR3 were not corrected for the relativistic light deflection by the Sun, we took into account this effect, which slightly diminished the rms residuals. In addition, relativistic light deflection by the giant planets was estimated, which, as it turned out, can be neglected with the given accuracy of Gaia observations.Comment: accepted in MNRAS 28.03.2023, 9 pages, 8 figure

DUALISTIC LEGAL REGULATION OF ACQUIRED SUBJECTIVE HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Purpose of the study: This article analyzes dualistic approaches to the determination of legal facts that grant citizens of the Russian Federation subjective rights. It is obvious that the concept of birth is still not specified in the existing Russian legislation. Different norms of the modern Russian legislation associate the legal fact of birth with the criterion of live birth. An embryo (fetus) cannot have a complex of general civil rights until the time of live birth. Methodology: The authors of the article have compared this constitutional directive with existing rules of other branches of Russian law and revealed a completely opposite situation. Main Findings: Of course, the existing discrepancies in certain legal acts that regulate the same or related social relations represent a classical legal conflict. Moreover, partial contradictions in the Russian legal system are caused by the fact that many sectoral norms conflict with the Constitution. Novelty/Originality: Legal certainty is a basic and system-forming principle that dialectically complements and develops other general-legal, intersectoral and sectoral principles, justifies their functional necessity, determines the accuracy and clarity of legal instructions, established order and limits their actions

Assembly-hub Function of ER-Localized SNARE Proteins in Biogenesis of Tombusvirus Replication Compartment

Positive-strand RNA viruses assemble numerous membrane-bound viral replicase complexes within large replication compartments to support their replication in infected cells. Yet the detailed mechanism of how given subcellular compartments are subverted by viruses is incompletely understood. Although, Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) uses peroxisomal membranes for replication, in this paper, we show evidence that the ER-resident SNARE (soluble NSF attachment protein receptor) proteins play critical roles in the formation of active replicase complexes in yeast model host and in plants. Depletion of the syntaxin 18-like Ufe1 and Use1, which are components of the ER SNARE complex in the ERAS (ER arrival site) subdomain, in yeast resulted in greatly reduced tombusvirus accumulation. Over-expression of a dominant-negative mutant of either the yeast Ufe1 or the orthologous plant Syp81 syntaxin greatly interferes with tombusvirus replication in yeast and plants, thus further supporting the role of this host protein in tombusvirus replication. Moreover, tombusvirus RNA replication was low in cell-free extracts from yeast with repressed Ufe1 or Use1 expression. We also present evidence for the mislocalization of the tombusviral p33 replication protein to the ER membrane in Ufe1p-depleted yeast cells. The viral p33 replication protein interacts with both Ufe1p and Use1p and co-opts them into the TBSV replication compartment in yeast and plant cells. The co-opted Ufe1 affects the virus-driven membrane contact site formation, sterol-enrichment at replication sites, recruitment of several pro-viral host factors and subversion of the Rab5-positive PE-rich endosomes needed for robust TBSV replication. In summary, we demonstrate a critical role for Ufe1 and Use1 SNARE proteins in TBSV replication and propose that the pro-viral functions of Ufe1 and Use1 are to serve as assembly hubs for the formation of the extensive TBSV replication compartments in cells. Altogether, these findings point clearly at the ERAS subdomain of ER as a critical site for the biogenesis of the TBSV replication compartment

Technochemical characteristic and prospects of utilization for grenadier liver

Three species of grenadiers dwell in the North Pacific waters of Russia. Their liver weights 4-7 % of the body weight but is never used. Its utilization for BASF production is proposed. For this purpose, chemical composition and properties of liver from the grenadier Albatrossia pectoralis are investigated. Content of inorganic cations, including toxic ones, in the liver satisfies the allowed standards. Wet liver contains 30 % of proteins and 68 % of lipids, mainly triacyl-glycerides (90 %) and phospholipids (4.5 %). The oil extracted from the liver has the acid number 1.8 KOH/g and the peroxide number 6.4 mmol after three months of frozen storage. Microbiological parameters of the liver are satisfactory after three months of frozen storage, too. Chitosan-lipid complex is prepared by treatment of water extract from the liver tissue (extracted by 5 : 1 solvent of water and natrium hydroxide during 15 hours at the temperature 10-15oC and centrifuged) with chitosan solution and 3-hour sedimentation from water-soluble fraction. It contains mostly lipids (> 80 %, 23 % of them are saturated fatty acids, 73 % - monounsaturated fatty acids, and 4 % - polyunsaturated fatty acids) and a big amount of essential amino acids, so it could be used as a raw material for restorative BASF production. On the contrary, the water-soluble fraction is poor by proteins and free amino acids; its antioxidant activity is low. The raw oil from grenadier liver could be used in technics or veterinary