Symmetrization and Amplification of Germicidal Radiation Flux Produced by a Mercury Amalgam UV Lamp in Cylindrical Cavity with Diffusely Reflective Walls

The study focused on increasing the efficiency of germicidal UV radiation by using highly diffuse reflective materials such as PTFE in irradiated cavities of UV air purifiers. In a conventional cylindrically symmetric cavity with a linear amalgam mercury lamp as UV-radiation source on the axis UV-radiation, flux directed from the lamp to the walls dropped from the axis to the periphery. To increase the UV irradiation, the walls are often made mirror-reflective, but the radiation flux distribution remained radially symmetric with a maximum on the source emitting surface in this case as well. When most of the emitted light is returned to the source after one reflection, the conditions of its operation are disturbed. If the walls are made of highly diffuse reflective materials, the radiation flux density inside the cavity increases on average, and its distribution becomes uniform and highly symmetric. Thus, the effect of amplification of the radiation flux due to the highly diffuse reflectivity of the walls increases with radius and reaches a maximum at the wall. Experiments were performed to demonstrate increasing amplification of germicidal UV radiation flux with a diffuse reflection coefficient in cylindrical cavities with walls of PTFE and ePTFE. The irradiation of the cavity wall was observed to increase up to 20 times at the resonant mercury line of 253.7 nm and up to 40 times at some non-resonant lines of the visible range due to highly diffuse reflectivity of the cavity walls. The flux amplification effect was limited by the diffuse reflectivity value of the walls and absorption coefficient of the radiation emitting surface. A formula for calculating the radiation flux amplification factor in a diffusely reflecting cylindrically symmetric cavity was derived for the case of Lambertian source and reflector, including wall reflectivity and source surface absorption coefficients. The effects of heating and cooling of the mercury lamp amalgam directly affected the amplification, and symmetrization of germicidal irradiation was observed and is discussed in the paper. Numerical calculations were performed by the ray tracing method. The calculated model was verified by comparing the numerical results with those of both the approximate theoretical consideration and experiments. The promising use of diffusely reflecting cylindrical cavities for UV air purifiers is discussed. Designs of air inlet and outlet ports that allow effective locking of germicidal radiation inside the UV air purifiers were considered. The results of this work may be of interest for further developments in the UV disinfection technique

Short-Term Oxidation of HfB₂-SiC Based UHTC in Supersonic Flow of Carbon Dioxide Plasma

The short-term (5 min) exposure to the supersonic flow of carbon dioxide plasma on ultrahigh-temperature ceramics of HfB2-30vol.%SiC composition has been studied. It was shown that, when established on the surface at a temperature of 1615–1655 °C, the beginning of the formation of an oxidized layer takes place. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies showed that the formation of a porous SiC-depleted region is not possible under the HfO2-SiO2 surface oxide layer. Numerical modeling based on the Navier–Stokes equations and experimental probe measurements of the test conditions were performed. The desirability of continuing systematic studies on the behavior of ultrahigh-temperature ZrB2/HfB2-SiC ceramics, including those doped with various components under the influence of high-enthalpy gas flows, was noted

Heat Flux Measurement in Shock Heated Combustible Gases and Clarification of Ignition Delay Time

Correct understanding of the ignition and combustion processes in the combustion chambers are critical for modeling advanced schemes of engines of high-speed aircraft and promising spacecraft. Moreover, experimental data on the ignition delay time are a universal basis for the development and testing of combustion kinetic models. Moreover, the higher the temperature of the fuel mixture, the smaller this time value and the more important its correct determination. The use of a thermoelectric detector allows to measure ignition delay times and record heat fluxes with a high time resolution (to tenths of μs) during ignition in propane–air mixtures. Due to the faster response time, the use of it allows refining the ignition delay time of the combustible mixture, and the detector itself can serve as a useful device that allows a more detailed study of the ignition processes