Зарубежные издания произведений А.И. Солженицына на русском языке: К 100-летию со дня рождения писателя

On December 11, 2018, it will be 100 years since the birth of A.I. Solzhenitsyn (1918—2008) — a Russian writer, dramatist, poet, public and political figure, Nobel laureate (literature, 1970). For  16 years, Solzhenitsyn’s creative activity was running abroad, where his earlier and new works were actively published. Against the background of the history of foreign publishers cooperating with A.I. Solzhenitsyn and the disclosure of the author’s creative ideas, this article gives an overview of foreign publications of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s works in Russian (collected works, anthologies, publication of single works), by analyzing the materials of the bibliographical index “Solzhenitsyn’s Works Reflected in the Books of Russian Emigration: The Soviet Period”, compiled in 2018 by employees of the Bibliography Scientific-Research Department of the Russian State Library, and the electronic database of the Russian State Library “Books in Russian Published Abroad, 1927—1991”. Structurally, the article presents a chronological overview: each section covers a decade of creative and publishing activities, contains the statistics of publications in different countries, followed by a disclosure of each of those publications, mainly in chronological order, except in individual cases requiring a different logic of narration. There is also some contextual information on the publishers and publishing houses released Solzhenitsyn’s works.11 декабря 2018 г. исполняется 100 лет со дня рождения А.И. Солженицына — русского писателя, драматурга, поэта, общественного и политического деятеля, лауреата Нобелевской премии по литературе. В течение 16 лет творческая деятельность А.И. Солженицына протекала за рубежом, где продолжали активно издаваться его прежние и новые произведения. В настоящей статье на фонеистории взаимодействовавших с А.И. Солженицыным зарубежных издательств, раскрытия творческихзамыслов автора дается обзор зарубежных изданий произведений А.И. Солженицына на русском языке (собрания сочинений, сборники произведений, издания отдельных произведений). Анализируются материалы библиографического указателя «Отражение творчества Солженицына в книгах русского зарубежья: Советский период», составленного в 2018 г. научно-исследовательским отделом библиографии Российской государственной библиотеки (РГБ), и электронной базы данных РГБ «Книги на русском языке, изданные за рубежом, 1927—1991». Структурно статья представляет хронологический обзор: каждый из разделов затрагивает десятилетие творческой и издательской деятельности, содержит статистику выпусков изданий в различных странах, за чем следует раскрытие каждого из изданий, преимущественно в хронологической последовательности, за исключением отдельных случаев, требующих иной логики перечисления. В качестве контекста приводятся сведения об издателях и издательствах, публиковавших произведения А.И. Солженицына

Origin of Wild Polyploid <i>Avena</i> Species Inferred from Polymorphism of the ITS1 rDNA in Their Genomes

In this article, we analyzed the origin of wild polyploid oats (Avena L., Poaceae) using the region 18S rDNA (partially)–ITS1–5.8S rDNA obtained via NGS. There are six tetraploid (2n = 28) and four hexaploid (2n = 42) wild species differing by specific genome combinations: A. barbata, A. vaviloviana (AB), A. agadiriana (AB or BB), A. magna, A. murphyi, A. insularis (AC or CD), A. ludoviciana, A. sterilis, A. fatua, and A. occidentalis (ACD). We compared the pool of marker sequences of polyploid oats with those of their putative diploid ancestors: A. atlantica (As-genome), A. hirtula (As), A. canariensis (Ac), A. ventricosa (Cv), and A. clauda (paleopolyploid with Cp and A-related rDNA). We found 15 major ribotypes (more than 1000 reads per rDNA pool) in polyploid oats. Comparing them, we found that the AB-tetraploid oats possibly inherited their A-genome ribotypes from A. atlantica (As1-ribotype), whereas their B-genome ribotype is specific and can be a derivative of the A-genome family. Our data do not support the hypothesis of the CD-genome set in A. magna, A. murphyi, and A. insularis: they have an AC-genome ribotype constitution instead. The C-genome-related sequences could have been obtained from A. ventricosa. Hexaploids show a different ribotype pattern than tetraploids; the main ribotypes of A. fatua, A. ludoviciana, and A. sterilis probably belong to the D-group and are also shared with one of the major ribotypes of A. clauda

Origin of the Rare Hybrid Genus ×<i>Trisetokoeleria</i> Tzvelev (<i>Poaceae</i>) According to Molecular Phylogenetic Data

In our article, we analyzed new data on the origin of the hybrid genus ×Trisetokoeleria. According to the morphological criteria ×T. jurtzevii is a hybrid between Koeleria asiatica s. l. and Trisetum spicatum, ×T. taimyrica, and originated from Koeleria asiatica s. l. and Trisetum subalpestre, ×T. gorodkowii, a hybrid between Koeleria asiatica and Trisetum ruprechtianum. Later ×T. taimyrica was transferred to Koeleria. Parental taxa are prone to active hybridization themselves, thus, new methods of next-generation sequencing (NGS) were needed to clarify the relationships of these genera. For NGS we used the fragment 18S rDNA (part)–ITS1–5.8S rDNA (totally 441 accessions). We analyzed ITS1–5.8S rDNA–ITS2 region, trnL–trnF and trnK–rps16 from eight samples of the five species, using the Sanger method: ×Trisetokoeleria jurtzevii, ×T. taimyrica, Koeleria asiatica, Sibirotrisetum sibiricum (=Trisetum sibiricum), and Trisetum spicatum. We also studied the pollen fertility of ×Trisetokoeleria and its possible progenitors. Our data partly contradicted previous assumptions, based on morphological grounds, and showed us a picture of developed introgression within and between Koeleria and Trisetum. ×T. jurtzevii, a totally sterile hybrid formed rather recently. We can suppose that ×T. jurtzevii is a hybrid between K. asiatica and some Trisetum s. str. Species, but not T. spicatum. ×T. gorodkowii, a hybrid in the stage of primary stabilization; it has one unique ribotype related to T. spicatum s. l. The second parental species is unrelated to Trisetum ruprechtianum. ×T. taimyrica and is a stabilized hybrid species; it shares major ribotypes with the T. spicatum/T. wrangelense group and has a minor fraction of rDNA related to genus Deyeuxia s. l

Intragenomic Polymorphism of the ITS 1 Region of 35S rRNA Gene in the Group of Grasses with Two-Chromosome Species: Different Genome Composition in Closely Related Zingeria Species

Zingeria (Poaceae) is a small genus that includes Z. biebersteiniana, a diploid species with the lowest chromosome number known in plants (2n = 4) as well as hexaploid Z. kochii and tetraploid Z. pisidica, and/or Z. trichopoda species. The relationship between these species and the other low-chromosomes species Colpodium versicolor are unclear. To explore the intragenomic polymorphism and genome composition of these species we examined the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 1 of the 35S rRNA gene via NGS approach. Our study revealed six groups of ribotypes in Zingeria species. Their distribution confirmed the allopolyploid nature of Z. kochii, whose probable ancestors were Colpodium versicolor and Z. pisidica. Z. pisidica has 98% of rDNA characteristic only for this species, and about 0.3% of rDNA related to that of Z. biebersteiniana. We assume that hexaploid Z. kochii is either an old allopolyploid or a homodiploid that has lost most of the rRNA genes obtained from Z. biebersteiniana. In Z. trichopoda about 81% of rDNA is related to rDNA of Z. biebersteiniana and 19% of rDNA is derived from Poa diaphora sensu lato. The composition of the ribotypes of the two plants determined by a taxonomy specialist as Z. pisidica and Z. trichopoda is very different. Two singleton species are proposed on this base with ribotypes as discriminative characters. So, in all four studied Zingeria species, even if the morphological difference among the studied species was modest, the genomic constitution was significantly different, which suggests that these are allopolyploids that obtained genomes from different ancestors

New Insights into the Genomic Structure of Avena L.: Comparison of the Divergence of A-Genome and One C-Genome Oat Species

We used next-generation sequencing analysis of the 3&prime;-part of 18S rDNA, ITS1, and a 5&prime;-part of the 5.8S rDNA region to understand genetic variation among seven diploid A-genome Avena species. We used 4&ndash;49 accessions per species that represented the As genome (A. atlantica, A. hirtula, and wiestii), Ac genome (A.&nbsp;canariensis), Ad genome (A. damascena), Al genome (A. longiglumis), and Ap genome (A. prostrata). We also took into our analysis one C-genome species, A. clauda, which previously was found to be related to A-genome species. The sequences of 169 accessions revealed 156 haplotypes of which seven haplotypes were shared by two to five species. We found 16 ribotypes that consisted of a unique sequence with a characteristic pattern of single nucleotide polymorphisms and deletions. The number of ribotypes per species varied from one in A. longiglumis to four in A. wiestii. Although most ribotypes were species-specific, we found two ribotypes shared by three species (one for A. damascena, A. hirtula, and A. wiestii, and the second for A. longiglumis, A. atlantica, and A. wiestii), and a third ribotype shared between A. atlantica and A. wiestii. A characteristic feature of the A. clauda ribotype, a diploid C-genome species, is that two different families of ribotypes have been found in this species. Some of these ribotypes are characteristic of Cc-genome species, whereas others are closely related to As-genome ribotypes. This means that A. clauda can be a hybrid between As- and C-genome oats