Thermoelectric prospects of nanomaterials with spin-orbit surface bands

Nanostructured composites and nanowire arrays of traditional thermoelectrics like Bi, Bi(1-x)Sb(x) and Bi(2)Te(3) have metallic Rashba surface spin-orbit bands featuring high mobilities rivaling that of the bulk for which topological insulator behavior has been proposed. Nearly pure surface electronic transport has been observed at low temperatures in Bi nanowires with diameter around the critical diameter, 50 nm, for the semimetal-to semiconductor transition. The surface contributes strongly to the thermopower, actually dominating for temperatures T < 100 K in these nanowires. The surface thermopower was found to be -1 T microvolt/(K^2), a value that is consistent with theory. We show that surface electronic transport together with boundary phonon scattering leads to enhanced thermoelectric performance at low temperatures of Bi nanowire arrays. We compare with bulk n-BiSb alloys, optimized CsBi(4)Te(6) and optimized Bi(2)Te(3). Surface dominated electronic transport can be expected in nanomaterials of the other traditional thermoelectrics.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figure

Determination of generations X, Y, Z user preferences in the Russian mobile application market

In the work, the authors reveal the user preferences of the mobile application market. The study is based on the Strauss–Howe generational theory. The mobile application market appears to be dynamic and fast-growing in an environment of exponential growth in consumer demand and a highly competitive environment. In the article, the authors classify and identify categories and subcategories of mobile applications based on their functional and value purpose. This classification formed the basis for determining the dependence based on the analysis of contingency matrices between the preference of the application for its purpose and the age category of the user, which made it possible to identify the relationship between generations of users and their choice of certain types of applications. The text provides a justification for the choice of certain applications on a daily basis by generations X, Y, Z. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the authors examine a market, the rapid growth of which is conditioned by the global socio-economic situation. The information obtained during the analysis of user preferences of the Russian mobile application market can be used by specialists in determining the target audience of a digital product and developing marketing strategies

The article presents a clinical case of atopic dermatitis complicated by a secondary infection in an Indonesian boy of 8 years old. A review of literary sources.

The article presents a clinical case of atopic dermatitis complicated by a secondary infection in an Indonesian boy of 8 years old. Areviewofliterarysources

IRI-2012 MODEL ADAPTABILITY ESTIMATION FOR AUTOMATED PROCESSING OF VERTICAL SOUNDING IONOGRAMS

The paper deals with possibility of IRI-2012 global empirical model applying to the vertical sounding of the ionosphere semiautomatic data processing. Main ionosphere characteristics from vertical sounding data at IZMIRAN Voeikovo station in February 2013 were compared with IRI-2012 model calculation results. 2688 model values and 1866 real values of f0F2, f0E, hmF2, hmE were processed. E and F2 layers critical frequency (f0E, f0F2) and the maximum altitudes (hmF2, hmE) were determined from the ionograms. Vertical profiles of the electron concentration were restored with IRI-2012 model by measured frequency and height. The model calculation was also made without the inclusion of the real vertical sounding data. Monthly averages and standard deviations (σ) for the parameters f0F2, f0E, hmF2, hmE for each hour of the day were calculated according to the vertical sounding and model values. Model applicability conditions for automated processing of ionograms for subauroral ionosphere were determined. Initial IRI-2012 model can be applied in the sub-auroral ionograms processing at daytime with undisturbed conditions in the absence of sporadic ionization. In this case model calculations can be adjusted by the near-time vertical sounding data. IRI-2012 model values for f0E (in daytime) and hmF2 can be applied to reduce computational costs in the systems of automatic parameters search and preliminary determination of the searching area range for the main parameters. IRI-2012 model can be used for a more accurate approximation of the real data series in the absence of the real values. In view of sporadic ionization, ionosphere models of the high latitudes must be applied with corpuscular ions formation unit

Effect of immunocytotherapy on the state of the immune system of women with idiopathic habitual miscarriage

We aimed  for assessing effects of immunocytotherapy upon  the subpopulations of CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ cellswithnaturalregulatoryactivityandactivatedTh17cellswiththeCD4+CD25highRORγt+ phenotype, as well as in vitro production of cytokines in mitogen-stimulated cells from  peripheral blood  in the patients with idiopathic habitual miscarriage (IHM). The study group consisted of 33 patients with IHM who became pregnant after a pre-gestational alloimmunization. In 27 patients, the pregnancy was prolonged to the  full term  and  ended  with the  birth  of viable babies,  in six cases it was terminated before  12 weeks of gestation. Before  administration of immunocytotherapy (ICT), 19 patients were examined, of them  16 after alloimmunization outside of pregnancy, 17 at 5-6 and 8-9 weeks of pregnancy. Eleven patients were immunized at 12 weeks of pregnancy. In the control group,  12 fertile women  outside  pregnancy and 10 women  at 12 weeks of physiological pregnancy were examined. The proportion of FoxP3+ and RORγt+ cells with the CD4+CD25high phenotype was evaluated among  T-lymphocytes from peripheral blood,  as well as content of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ,  TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL  -6,  IL-8, IL-12p70) and  anti-inflammatory factors  (IL-4, IL-10), as well as IL-17  amounts.We have found  that,  following pre-gestational alloimmunization, the women  who lost this pregnancy, had a  low  level  of  FoxP3+Тregs that  suppress  pro-inflammatory Th17-dependent  reactions, however, without changing levels of activated Th17  cells (CD4+CD25highRORγt+   lymphocytes). These  facts,  along  with  high in vitro production of IL-17  by peripheral blood cells at the terms of 5-6 weeks of gestation, suggest that,  after pre-gestational alloimmunization in women  with miscarriage, a predilection is formed  to pro-inflammatory cytokine production. However, at the 5-6 week-period, it is realized  not in the Th1 direction of, but towards Th17 response, and a low level of CD4+CD25highRORγt+ cells may reflect an increased migration of Th17 cells from peripheral blood to the uterine endometrium.Thus,  we have shown  the  effect of immunocytotherapy upon  subpopulational composition of peripheral blood  lymphocytes and  the  cytokine profile,  as well as upon  the  course  of first trimester and  outcomes of pregnancy in women  with idiopathic habitual miscarriage

Organization of primary prevention of infections sexually transmitted among orphans and children without parental care in the conditions of children's social institutions

The article presents the results of a survey held among orphaned children and children without parental care with regard to the prevention of sexually transmitted infections as well as results showing the efficacy of awareness-raising workshops regarding reproductive health.В статье представлены результаты опроса детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей, по вопросам профилактики ИППП и результаты эффективности проведения информационно-обучающих семинаров по вопросам репродуктивного здоровья

Organization of primary prevention of infections sexually transmitted among orphans and children without parental care in the conditions of children's social institutions

The article presents the results of a survey held among orphaned children and children without parental care with regard to the prevention of sexually transmitted infections as well as results showing the efficacy of awareness-raising workshops regarding reproductive health.В статье представлены результаты опроса детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей, по вопросам профилактики ИППП и результаты эффективности проведения информационно-обучающих семинаров по вопросам репродуктивного здоровья

Quantum interference of surface states in bismuth nanowires probed by the Aharonov-Bohm oscillatory behavior of the magnetoresistance

We report the observation of a dependence of the low temperature resistance of individual single-crystal bismuth nanowires on the Aharonov-Bohm phase of the magnetic flux threading the wire. 55 and 75-nm wires were investigated in magnetic fields of up to 14 T. For 55 nm nanowires, longitudinal magnetoresistance periods of 0.8 and 1.6 T that were observed at magnetic fields over 4 T are assigned to h/2e to h/e magnetic flux modulation. The same modes of oscillation were observed in 75-nm wires. The observed effects are consistent with models of the Bi surface where surface states give rise to a significant population of charge carriers of high effective mass that form a highly conducting tube around the nanowire. In the 55-nm nanowires, the Fermi energy of the surface band is estimated to be 15 meV. An interpretation of the magnetoresistance oscillations in terms of a subband structure in the surface states band due to quantum interference in the tube is presented.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figure

Acneiform dermatoses

The purpose of the study - demonstrate the features of differential diagnosis of acneform dermatoses using a clinical case of mediated acne as an example.Цель исследования – демонстрация особенностей дифференциальной диагностики акнеформных дерматозов на примере клинического случая медикаметозных акне

Difficulties differential diagnostics of rare skin diseases in practice dermatovenerologist

This article discusses is study of differential diagnostics of rare skin diseases, using the example of Grover's Disease. Various literary sources are analyzed, data on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture of typical and atypical forms of GD are presented. The article is of an overview nature and contains up-to-date information on the diagnosis and treatment of Grover's transient acantholytic dermatosis. Based on the description of the clinical case of Grover's disease, differential diagnostics with other skin diseases was carried out.В данной статье рассмотрен вопрос дифференциальной диагностики редких кожных заболеваний, на примере Болезни Гровера. Проанализированы различные литературные источники, представлены данные об этиологии, патогенезе, клинической картине типичной и атипичных форм БГ. Статья носит обзорный характер и содержит современную информацию о диагностике и лечении транзиторного акантолитического дерматоза Гровера. На основании описания клинического случая Болезни Гровера проведена дифференциальная диагностика с другими кожными заболеваниям