EFFICIENT MONITORING OF VARIATION IN THE PARAMETERS OF DRINKING AND WASTEWATER QUALITY USING SPATIAL DATABASE AND APPLICATION OF RAPS

Currently, most communal utility management companies continually and automatically follow the changing trends in the drinking and wastewater quality (DWWQ) within their area of activity. Different control systems and applications are used for this purpose. Efficient monitoring of DWWQ should also include the analysis of water-quality parameters, such as the range of changes and trends. The method of Rescaled Adjusted Partial Sums (RAPS) is very suitable for the visualization and determination of the readily apparent features, which may be hidden from the common time-series plots of values. This paper presents different approaches for the tracking and analysis of the DWWQ parameters using a combination of the open-source spatial database, PostgreSQL, and the open-source GIS software. The proposed approach has not yet been used in the management of communal utilities. The main advantages of this modern system are the use of open-source programs and the high efficiency of water-quality monitoring with large datasets. However, the application of this system would require further training of employees in communal utility companies. The analysis results were all obtained for real locations

Ocjena točnosti različitih metoda strojnog učenja na satelitskim snimkama RapidEye i PlanetScope

Since the first satellite imagery of RapidEye and PlanetScope became available, numerous studies have been conducted. However, only a few authors have focused on evaluating the accuracy of more than two machine learning methods in land cover classification. This paper evaluates the accuracy of four different machine learning methods, namely: support vector machine, artificial neural network, naive Bayes, and random forest. All analysis was conducted on cities in Croatia, Varaždin and Osijek. On Varaždin area on RapidEye satellite imagery support vector machine achieved overall kappa value 0.80, artificial neural network 0.37, naive Bayes 0.84 and random forest 0.76. On Varaždin area on PlanetScope satellite imagery support vector machine achieved overall kappa value 0.77, artificial neural network 0.38, naive Bayes 0.76 and random forest 0.75. On Osijek area on RapidEye satellite imagery support vector machine achieved overall kappa value 0.75, artificial neural network 0.36, naive Bayes 0.85 and random forest 0.76. On Osijek area on PlanetScope satellite imagery support vector machine achieved overall kappa value 0.64, artificial neural network 0.23, naive Bayes 0.72 and random forest 0.63. Performance time of each method is also evaluated. Naive Bayes and random forest have best performance time in every scenario.Otkako su prve satelitske snimke senzora RapidEye i PlanetScope postale dostupne, na njima su provedena brojna istraživanja. Međutim, samo se nekoliko autora usredotočilo na ocjenu točnosti više od dvije metode strojnog učenja pri klasifikaciji pokrova zemljišta. U ovom radu daje se ocjena točnosti četiri različite metode strojnog učenja: metode potpornih vektora, metode umjetnih neuronskih mreža, metode naivni Bayes i metode slučajnog šuma. Sve su analize provedene na gradovima u Hrvatskoj: Varaždinu i Osijeku. Na satelitskom snimku senzora RapidEye, za područje Varaždina, metoda potpornih vektora postigla je ukupnu kappa vrijednost 0,80, metoda umjetnih neuronskih mreža 0,37, metoda naivni Bayes 0,84 i metoda slučajnog šuma 0,76. Na satelitskom snimku senzora PlanetScope, za područje Varaždina, metoda potpornih vektora postigla je ukupnu kappa vrijednost 0,77, metoda umjetnih neuronskih mreža 0,38, metoda naivni Bayes 0,76 i metoda slučajnog šuma 0,75. Na satelitskom snimku senzora RapidEye, za područje Osijeka, metoda potpornih vektora postigla je ukupnu kappa vrijednost 0,75, metoda umjetnih neuronskih mreža 0,36, metoda naivni Bayes 0,85 i metoda slučajnog šuma 0,76. Na satelitskom snimku senzora PlanetScope, za područje Osijeka, metoda potpornih vektora postigla je ukupnu kappa vrijednost 0,64, metoda umjetnih neuronskih mreža 0,23, metoda naivni Bayes 0,72 i metoda slučajnog šuma 0,63. U radu se također mjeri i vrijeme izvedbe svake metode. Metoda naivni Bayes i metoda slučajnog šuma imaju najbolje vrijeme izvedbe u svim slučajevima

SMART HYDRO-ENERGY HYBRID SYSTEM POTENTIAL IN CROATIA—BEDNJA RIVER CASE STUDY

The smart hydro-energy hybrid system comprises a small hydroelectric power plant and a solar photovoltaic power plant as a part of energy input for the realization of smart cities. This paper introduces the critical period method (CPM), which can be used for system sizing. According to this method, if the total energy production is lower than the energy demand, a critical period should be defined based on the largest difference between demand and production. The period (day) in which that difference appears is called the critical period. If the energy demand during this period is satisfied, the demand on the remaining days of the year is also satisfied. Any possible breaks in energy production, caused by a reduction in the expected river-flow rates or insolation (in the case of cloudiness), will be reduced to a minimum. The use of such a hybrid system guarantees the production of electricity throughout the year. Such a hybrid system could facilitate the realization of a smart city and help achieve energy stability and security. Despite Croatia having great potential in terms of solar energy use and the large number of available watercourses, such a hybrid system has never been realized. In particular, CPM has not been applied previously anywhere in the world

Efficient dam management using SQL and GIS

This paper discusses use of SQL and GIS tools in nowadays dam management. Dam management requires the use of a highly-sophisticated measuring, monitoring and general management tools, since it is not only economical aspect of importance of these projects, but also about the security risks that require the highest possible caution and a precisely-developed control systems. Therefore, SQL and GIS are tools to be considered and implemented. GIS is widely used in spatial planning and connected management processes - because it allows easy way of storage, processing, analysis, modelling and display of spatial data. It has a wide range of features and is used in many areas. Structured Query Language (SQL) is a programming language for databases, written to be easy to understand and to use. SQL provides integration and presentation of data, optimization, easy reporting and analysis. In hand of trained professional analysts, SQL can make database search efficient and flexible, which is the key feature in demanding management processes as dam management

Satellite-based hyperspectral imaging and cartographic visualization of bark beetle forest damage for the city of Čabar

After enormous amount of ice rain during 2014 huge damage was done in forests in Croatia, especially in the city of Čabar area. Damage of forests is reflected in wide spread of bark beetle. Bark beetle damaged forest have different spectral range from healthy forest. Copernicus satellite land monitoring imagery enables distinguishing healthy from unhealthy forest. In this paper, the width of bark beetle infection spread in forests in the city of Čabar area using satellite images and semi-automatic classification will be determined

Possibility of using Landsat satellite recordings in visualization and detection of thermal islands in the area of the city Vinkovci

All satellite data is generated as a record of electromagnetic radiation detected on the satellite sensor. The product of collecting information in remote explorations is a digital satellite record consisting of a pixel network representing the smallest surface that a particular sensor can collect, which is also a spatial resolution of the image. The position of each pixel is determined in the Cartesian coordinate system. To allow the ability to monitor climate change or mitigate the consequences of a natural disaster, the USGS has developed the Earth Explorer tool. USGS (US Geological Institute) provides science on natural hazards endangering life and existence; water, energy, minerals and other natural resources we rely on. This analysis will highlight the ability to use and monitor satellite imagery using the Earth Explorer browser. All satellite images are processed in QGIS. The spatial resolution of the satellite index (NDVI) as a quantitative measure of the state of the vegetation cover was tested on Landsat 8 images in the area of the city of Vinkovci. Highlighted natural disasters are thermal islands, and damage to the forest cover

FOREST AREA CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE YEARS IN BJELOVARSKO-BILOGORSKA COUNTY

The results of forest cover reduction were obtained using raster data and administrative borders for the Republic of Croatia. Examples are taken from other countries to compare the results and show the reduction of cover, both forest and agricultural. The first part of this paper describes the situation in the Republic of Croatia, where Ministry of Environmental Protection provided analysis. The condition of land cover in the Republic of Croatia is presented. The second part of this paper is a description of the task development process in the software package "QGIS". From adding CLC raster data to, the actions performed in the program that were performed until the results arrived. Finally, the interpretation of the obtained data and the conclusion follow

Procesi ishođenja lokacijske dozvole za projekt Podravske brze ceste

Uslijed povećanog prometa državnom cestom D2 od Varaždina prema Dubravi Križovljanskoj već se dugi niz godina predviđa gradnja Podravske brze ceste, kako bi se rasteretio promet kroz naselja i povećala sigurnost prometa.U radu se prikazuje uvid u proces ishođenja lokacijskih dozvola, u ovom slučaju za Podravsku brzu cestu. Također se pobliže objašnjavau čijem su vlasništvu ceste u Republici Hrvatskoj, kakve ceste izvan naselja postoje i od kojih su dijelova sačinjene. Opisat će se konstrukcijski elementi cesta i značenje prostornih planova u smislu iniciranja pa do konačnog donošenja i izvedbe. Sastavni dio izrade idejnog projekta su podloge za projektiranje, te će se u radu prikazati različite podloge i za što nam služe.. Digitalni katastarski plan (DKP) uključuje svekatastarske čestice na području kojeg prolazi cesta kako bi se pravovremeno zatražilo vlasništvo na područjima prolaska cestovne konstrukcije i dobila dozvola za gradnju na tim posjedima. Sve potrebne skice izrađene su pomoću programskog paketaPlateia, kojom se projektiraju sve prometnice i ostala pripadajuća infrastruktura