Hydrogen absorption by Zr-1Nb alloy with TiN[x] film deposited by filtered cathodic vacuum arc

This paper describes the opportunity of titanium nitride (TiNx) films application as protective coating for Zr-2.5Nb alloy from hydrogenation. Dense TiN[x] films were prepared by filtered cathodic vacuum arc (CVA). Hydrogen absorption rate was calculated from the kinetic curves of hydrogen sorption at elevated temperature of the sample (T=673 K) and pressure (P=2 atm). Results revealed that TiN[x] films significantly reduced hydrogen absorption rate of Zr-2.5Nb

Study of the plasma immersion implantation of titanium in stainless steel

The results of the study of the pulsed plasma-immersion ion implantation of titanium in steel Cr18Ni10Ti depending on the time (dose) implantation are presented. It is shown that the change of the element and the phase composition of the surface layers and their microscopic characteristics and mechanical properties (hardness, wear resistance) depending on the implantation time is not monotonic, but follows to a certain rule. The possibility of interpretation of the obtained results in the thermal spike concept of the generation on the surface by the stable (magic) clusters is discussed. This concept follows logically from the recent studies on the plasma arc composition and from a polyatomic clusters-surface interaction

Hydrogenation of Zr-2.5Nb alloy after plasma-immersion titanium implantation

The study results of the influence of plasma-immersion ion implantation of titanium in Zr-2.5Nb on hydrogenation are presented. The titanium implantation was carried out in two modes: with active plasma filtering (APF) and passive plasma filtering (PPF). The results of total hydrogen concentration, absorption rate, XRD analyses and depth distribution of elements revealed that modified surface layer after titanium ion implantation is formed hydrogen diffusion barrier reduces hydrogen absorption by Zr-2.5Nb

The investigation of hydrogen accumulation in zirconium alloy by thermostimulated gas evolution method

Thermostimulated gas evolution from zirconium alloy saturated by hydrogen E_125 versus deformation degree has been studied. Samples of zirconium were subjected to straining with relative lengthening 2,5; 5,0 and 10,0 %, then they were saturated with hydrogen by electrolyte method at current density 0,5 A/sm2 during 4 hours. Or vice versa, they were first saturated with hydrogen being subjected to deformation afterwards. The deformation of alloy samples results in trap formation with different energies of hydrogen bond. In this case both bond energy and hydrogen quantity caught in traps depends on both deformation size and succession of «deformation-saturation» actions. The values of hydrogen bond energies in traps are estimated. Types of traps are defined

Radiation-induced hydrogen transfer in metals

The paper presents processes of hydrogen (deuterium) diffusion and release from hydrogen-saturated condensed matters in atomic, molecular and ionized states under the influence of the electron beam and X-ray radiation in the pre-threshold region. The dependence is described between the hydrogen isotope release intensity and the current density and the electron beam energy affecting sample, hydrogen concentration in the material volume and time of radiation exposure to the sample. The energy distribution of the emitted positive ions of hydrogen isotopes is investigated herein. Mechanisms of radiation-induced hydrogen transfer in condensed matters are suggested

Geochemical groundwater peculiarities of Paleogene sediments in S-E Western Siberia artesian basin

The geochemical peculiarities of groundwater in Paleogene deposits in southeastern part of Western Siberia artesian basin are considered in the paper. Landscape, climate, geostructural and hydrogeological conditions define the water composition and quality peculiarities in this region. It has been established that ion-saline composition, mineralization and water quality changes arre governed by the horizontal zonal distribution. Groundwater of taiga landscapes generally is in equilibrium with kaolinite and quartz, mainly involving Ca- and Mg-montmorillonite, illite, carbonate minerals, sometimes barite. Groundwater in woodland grass and grassland, together with previously mentioned minerals, is usually in equilibrium with barite, colestine, and particularly, fluorite and gypsum. As a result, all relevant elements are removed from the groundwater and their accumulation level is restricted

Features of infiltration water intakes operation (on example of the Mokhovsky groundwater deposit in the Republic of Khakassia)

Relevance. The work is devoted to the study of the features of infiltration intakes operation in conditions of variability of groundwater supply. The paper considers the issues of the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the nutrition of the operational aquifer of the Mokhovsky groundwater deposit. The intake is characterized by a mixed nutrition due to the formation of attracted resources from the Krasnoyarsk reservoir and from the underlying horizon of the Upper Devonian sediments. The dynamic balance between the sources of attracted resources is determined both by the productivity of wells and the changing distance of the reservoir coastline (feeding boundary) from the water intake wells. A consequence of balance redistribution in favor of deep nutrition is a change in the chemical composition of groundwater, which leads to an excess of the maximum permissible concentration in terms of total mineralization and hardness. The analysis of hydrogeological conditions makes it possible to assess the variability of groundwater composition under the influence of dynamically changing supply conditions of an operational aquifer. Aim. Quantification of influence of boundary conditions on the Mokhovsky productive horizon during replenishment of groundwater reserves; predictive modeling of the intake operation with variability in reservoir surface water levels; assessment of changes in groundwater composition under the influence of incoming waters from Devonian sediments and forecast of the deposition of secondary minerals on water lifting equipment based on the assessment of mineral equilibria. Methods. Decoding satellite images, hydrodynamic modeling, hydrogeochemical calculations with subsequent comparison of forecast results with real data from routine observations. Results and conclusions. It is shown that the decryption of multi-zone satellite images makes it possible to control the reservoir level regime and assess its impact on groundwater supply conditions due to surface sources. The results of the proposed forecasting scheme make it possible to assess the effectiveness of regulating the reservoir level regime due to the operation of hydroelectric power plants and identify the size of the supply zones of infiltration intakes. It is demonstrated that remotely obtained data can be used to substantiate the necessary sizes of finite-difference grids of hydrodynamic models. The results of numerical simulation of water intake operation in the Processing Modflow PC environment show the dynamics of changes in levels in the operational aquifer with changes in the reservoir surface water level. Evolution of the composition of the waters of the productive horizon was revealed under the influence of their mixing with the surface waters of the reservoir and the groundwater of the Upper Devonian sediments below, and the probability of the formation of secondary minerals on the water lifting equipment was estimated using the HydroGeo software

Study of the Hydrogen-Metal Systems

Hydrogen accumulation in samples of a palladium and 12Kh18N10T steel at the hydrogen charging by the electrolytic method and hydrogen release from these samples at its electron and X-ray irradiation are studied. Palladium was used as a comparison material (as most efficiently solvent hydrogen known among the simple materials). It is established that a capture effectiveness of hydrogen from an electrolyte (1 M H 2 SO 4 at current density is 0.5 A cm −2 ) for palladium is 3-4 orders more than for steel. The hydrogen yield nonlinearly increases with growing of electron current density and electron energy is more than 40 keV under electron irradiation of saturated palladium and 12Kh18N10T steel samples. About 90% of the hydrogen had removed from hydrogen saturated palladium samples and only 60% from steel under electron beam with energy 40 keV and current density ≈ 20 µA cm −2 for 1 h of irradiation. It is necessary to increase the energy of electrons from 40 to 100 keV for the more effective removal of hydrogen

Determination of water content in clay and organic soil using microwave oven

The article deals with the techniques of soil water content determination using microwave radiation. Its practical application would allow solving the problems of resource efficiency in geotechnical survey due to reduction of energy and resource intensity of laboratory analysis as well as its acceleration by means of decreasing labour intensity and, as a result, cost reduction. The article presents a detail analysis of approaches to soil water content determination and soil drying, considers its features and application. The study in soil of different composition, typical for Western Siberia including organic and organic-mineral ones, is a peculiarity of the given article, which makes it rather topical. The article compares and analyzes the results of the investigation into soil water content, which are obtained via conventional techniques and the original one developed by the authors, consisting in microwave drying. The authors also give recommendation on microwave technique application to dry soil