15 research outputs found
Self-recognition of the endothelium enables regulatory T-cell trafficking and defines the kinetics of immune regulation
This study was supported by the British Heart Foundation (PG 09/002/
2642). AJR is funded by King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of
Excellence and EI was supported by the Department of Health via National Institute
for Health Research (NIHR) comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre award to Guy’s
and St Tomas’ NHF Foundation Trust in partnership with King’s College London and
King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. BG was supported by a British Heart
Foundation studentship (FS/10/009/28166) and DC by an Arthritis Research UK
Fellowship (18103)
Recent advances in the immunopathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: With special reference to cytokine production in the central nervous system
The Critical Role of Antigen-Presentation-Induced Cytokine Crosstalk in the Central Nervous System in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Astrocytes modulate the polarization of CD4+ T cells to Th1 cells.
T-cell characteristics are dynamic and influenced by multiple factors. To test whether cells and the environment in the central nervous system (CNS) can influence T-cells, we tested if culturing mouse CD4(+) T-cells on mouse primary astrocytes, compared with standard feeder cells, modified T-cell polarization to Th1 and Treg subtypes. Astrocytes supported the production of Th1 cells and Tregs, which was diminished by inflammatory activation of astrocytes, and glutamate accumulation that may result from impaired glutamate uptake by astrocytes strongly promoted Th1 production. These results demonstrate that astrocytes and the environment in the CNS have the capacity to regulate T-cell characteristics
Role for TNF in CNS Inflammation, Demyelination and Neurodegeneration Studied in Transgenic Mice
BLIMP-1 mediates extinction of major histocompatibility class II transactivator expression in plasma cells
Immune Players in the CNS:The Astrocyte
<p>In the finely balanced environment of the central nervous system astrocytes, the most numerous cell type, play a role in regulating almost every physiological system. First found to regulate extracellular ions and pH, they have since been shown to regulate neurotransmitter levels, cerebral blood flow and energy metabolism. There is also growing evidence for an essential role of astrocytes in central immunity, which is the topic of this review. In the healthy state, the central nervous system is potently anti-inflammatory but under threat astrocytes readily respond to pathogens and to both sterile and pathogen-induced cell damage. In response, astrocytes take on some of the roles of immune cells, releasing cyto- and chemokines to influence effector cells, modulating the blood-brain barrier and forming glial scars. To date, much of the data supporting a role for astrocytes in immunity have been obtained from in vitro systems; however data from experimental models and clinical samples support the suggestion that astrocytes perform similar roles in more complex environments. This review will discuss some aspects of the role of astrocytes in central nervous system immunity.</p>