Reliability and validity of the Baecke physical activity questionnaire in adult women with hip disorders

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although physical activity maintenance is important for OA management, it is not clear whether people with OA are more inactive or not. One possible reason is no simple monitoring tool to assess physical activity at the clinic. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (BQ) in adult women with hip disorders.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sixty-four patients with unilateral or bilateral hip disorders were recruited from an outpatients clinic at a university hospital in Japan. BQ includes a total of 16 questions classified into three domains: work, sports, and non-sports leisure activity. For test-retest reliability, one BQ was administrated face-to-face, and a second was mailed to participants two weeks later. Test-retest reliability of BQ was assessed using intra-class correlation (ICC) and Bland and Altman method. To determine criterion validity, the correlation between BQ measurements and pedometer-measured step counts was assessed. Correlations between BQ measurements and step counts were assessed using Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rho).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Analyses were restricted to the 61 patients (53.3 ± 11.3 years old) who wore the pedometer continuously for 5 days or more. Twenty eight patients had unilateral hip osteoarthritis, 17 patients had unilateral total hip arthroplasty, and 16 patients had hip osteoarthritis and total hip arthroplasty. The mean step count was 6,309 ± 2,392 steps/day. In analysis for reliability, the value of ICC was 0.84 for work, 0.83 for sports, 0.78 for non-sports leisure activity, and 0.87 total. Bland and Altman analysis showed the step count and BQ total did not differ significantly from 0 with most falling between 0 ± 1.96 SD. In analysis for validity, there was a significant but low to moderate correlation between step counts and 3 BQ subscales (rho, 0.30–0.49) and a higher correlation between step counts and total score (rho, 0.49).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>BQ is a useful monitoring tool for assessing multiple domains of physical activity with acceptable reliability and validity in adult women with hip disorders.</p

National trends in the outcomes of subarachnoid haemorrhage and the prognostic influence of stroke centre capability in Japan: retrospective cohort study

Objectives To examine the national, 6-year trends in in-hospital clinical outcomes of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) who underwent clipping or coiling and the prognostic influence of temporal trends in the Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) capabilities on patient outcomes in Japan.Design Retrospective study.Setting Six hundred and thirty-one primary care institutions in Japan.Participants Forty-five thousand and eleven patients with SAH who were urgently hospitalised, identified using the J-ASPECT Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.Primary and secondary outcome measures Annual number of patients with SAH who remained untreated, or who received clipping or coiling, in-hospital mortality and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale: 3–6) at discharge. Each CSC was assessed using a validated scoring system (CSC score: 1–25 points).Results In the overall cohort, in-hospital mortality decreased (year for trend, OR (95% CI): 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)), while the proportion of poor functional outcomes remained unchanged (1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)). The proportion of patients who underwent clipping gradually decreased from 46.6% to 38.5%, while that of those who received coiling and those left untreated gradually increased from 16.9% to 22.6% and 35.4% to 38%, respectively. In-hospital mortality of coiled (0.94 (0.89 to 0.98)) and untreated (0.93 (0.90 to 0.96)) patients decreased, whereas that of clipped patients remained stable. CSC score improvement was associated with increased use of coiling (per 1-point increase, 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20)) but not with short-term patient outcomes regardless of treatment modality.Conclusions The 6-year trends indicated lower in-hospital mortality for patients with SAH (attributable to better outcomes), increased use of coiling and multidisciplinary care for untreated patients. Further increasing CSC capabilities may improve overall outcomes, mainly by increasing the use of coiling. Additional studies are necessary to determine the effect of confounders such as aneurysm complexity on outcomes of clipped patients in the modern endovascular era